Learn about chronic diseases in one article
The horror of chronic disease is not in itself
It's that
If you don't manage it well
It can lead to catastrophic consequences
What is a chronic disease?
ChronicDisease:The full name is chronic non-communicable disease. Chronic diseases are characterized by a long course of illness and persistent disease; they are not contagious, but have an insidious onset and complex causes.
Common chronic diseases:Cardiovascular diseases (such as acute myocardial infarction, stroke, etc.), malignant tumors, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, etc.), diabetes, and psychiatric diseases.
Major risk factors for chronic diseases.
01 Adverse behavioral lifestyle
(1) Smoking.It is well known that smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer. 90% of lung cancer deaths in men and 80% of lung cancer deaths in women are associated with smoking. Secondhand smoke also has cancer risk.
(2) Excessive alcohol consumption.It increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, gout, alcoholic fatty liver, etc. It also decreases appetite and reduces food intake, which leads to multiple nutrient deficiencies. The Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents 2016 recommends that the maximum amount of alcohol consumed in a day should not exceed 25g for adult men and 15g for women, and that children and adolescents, pregnant women and lactating mothers should not drink alcohol.
(3) Irrational diet. A heavy diet high in sugar, fat and salt, combined with insufficient intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, too fast, too hot and overeating, is closely related to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, malignant tumors and obesity.
(4) Insufficient physical activity.Insufficient physical activity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (especially coronary heart disease), type 2 diabetes, obesity and other chronic diseases. Sedentary time ≥ 4 hours a day, watching TV ≥ 3 hours a day increased the risk of diabetes by 73%, the risk of cerebrovascular disease increased by 80%. Lack of exercise, sedentary will lead to the body's immune function is reduced, affecting the normal function of the body.
(5) Sleep deprivation.Long-term sleep deprivation will make the body overly fatigued, physiological disorders, lower immunity, which in turn leads to chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We need to ensure that 7 to 8 hours of sleep per day.
02 Environmental factors
These include pathogenic infections (hepatitis B virus, EBV, etc.), climate change, PM2.5 pollution, economic development, health care services, urbanization, population aging and globalization.
In addition, the occurrence of chronic diseases is also related to age, gender, genetics, psychological and other factors.
Prevention and control measures and personal actions
In order to effectively prevent and control chronic diseases and improve the health of our residents, the country has implemented a national health action covering the whole life cycle from newborn to old age, involving birth information, immunization planning, child health care, primary and secondary school students' health care, maternal health care, health check-ups for residents, diabetes prevention and treatment, hypertension prevention and treatment, and tumor prevention and treatment, to truly realize the whole health management.
The "Health China Action" proposes a "5 × 5" strategy for chronic disease prevention and control, which provides targeted prevention and control improvement measures for five key chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and five major risk factors.
After learning about chronic diseases, how do we reduce the risk of disease?
1. Balanced diet and comprehensive nutrition.
2. Proper physical activity, do not be a low head.
3. Control tobacco, refuse second-hand smoke.
4. Limit alcohol intake, but do not drink.
5. Reduce salt, oil and sugar, refuse heavy taste.
6. cheerful personality, healthy psychology, eight teeth a day in the sun.
Contribution: Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Institute
Editor: Health Education and Media Section