How to protect the Kidney of the Earth? Our country does this.
it can be divided into five categories:lake wetland
Source: people's Daily-the original manuscript of the Forum of powerful countries
Wetland is known as the "kidney of the earth", which has many ecological functions, such as conserving water, regulating climate, maintaining biodiversity and so on. From November 5 to 13, the 14th Conference of the parties to the Wetland Convention (COP14) was held in Wuhan, the "International Wetland City". This is the first time that China has hosted the Conference of the parties to the Wetland Convention.
"the theme of the 14th Conference of the parties to the Wetlands Convention is' cherish wetlands, harmonious symbiosis between man and nature'. This is our responsibility and emotion for this important ecosystem and the meaning of Chinese-style modernization. it is not only China's consistent firm proposition, but also the common expectation of the whole world for a better future." Said Liu Hongyan, director of the Ecological Law Research Office of the Institute of Law of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
The area of wetlands in China is the first in Asia with wide distribution and many types.
At present, how many areas and what kinds of wetlands are distributed in our country?
According to the results of the third National Land Survey and the Land change Survey in 2020, the area of wetlands in China is about 56.3493 million hectares, ranking first in Asia and fourth in the world. Since China formally joined the Wetlands Convention in 1992, with 4% of the world's wetlands, China has met the various needs of the world's 1x5 population for wetlands, and has embarked on a road of wetland protection with Chinese characteristics.
China is one of the countries with the most complete types of wetlands in the world, with wide distribution, many types and significant regional differences. According to the current situation of wetland resources in China and the classification system of wetlands in the Wetland Convention, it can be divided into five categories: swamp wetlands, lake wetlands, river wetlands, offshore and coastal wetlands, and constructed wetlands. " Liu Hongyan said.
The first way to protect wetland park the number of wetland cities ranks first in the world
In recent years, how does our country carry on the wetland protection work?
According to the data of the State Forestry and Grass Administration, since 2012, China has added or repaired more than 800,000 hectares of wetlands, including 64 wetlands of international importance, 29 wetlands of national importance, and established more than 600 wetland nature reserves and more than 1600 wetland parks. At present, there are 43 international wetland cities in the world. Among them, China has 13, ranking first in number in the world.
It is understood that at present, the ecological situation of China's internationally important wetlands remains stable, the overall water quality shows a good trend, and the richness of biodiversity is further improved. There are 2258 species of wetland plants and 260 species of wetland birds.
"Wetland Park is the first form of protection in China, which has been widely recognized internationally. The development of wetland parks will help to solve one of the current difficulties in wetland protection-how to maintain the balance between ecological and economic benefits. " Liu Hongyan said.
In addition, China continues to strengthen the protection of mangroves and other important wetland resources. For example, China issued the "Special Action Plan for Mangrove Protection and Restoration (2020-2025)"; COP14 clearly proposed to build the world's first international mangrove center for mangrove protection and cooperation in Shenzhen. It is understood that mangroves are the main habitat of 341 threatened species in the world. China is one of the few countries with a net increase in mangrove area in the world.
Scientifically construct Wetland Protection system and establish "four Beams and eight Pillars"
The implementation of wetland protection measures can not be separated from the top-level design of management.
Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has continuously strengthened wetland protection, established a total of 97 wetland-related systems at the national and provincial levels, initially formed a wetland protection policy system, and opened a new stage of comprehensive wetland protection.
The National Wetland Conservation Plan (2022-2030), jointly issued by the State Forestry and grassland Administration and the Ministry of Natural Resources in October, proposes that by 2025, the overall number of wetlands in the country will be stable, and the rate of wetland protection will reach 55%. 20 new wetlands of international importance and 50 wetlands of national importance will be added.
On June 1 this year, the Wetland Protection Law of the people's Republic of China was formally implemented, which is the first time that China has specifically legislated for wetland ecosystem protection and established the "four pillars and eight pillars" of the top-level design of wetland protection and management.
"this is the first time for our country to legislate from the perspective of ecosystem." Liu Hongyan said that while maximizing the protection of the wetland ecosystem, the Wetland Protection Law fully takes into account the practical needs of rational utilization and sustainable protection of wetlands, and protects the legitimate rights and interests of agriculture, aquaculture and other industries. it embodies the principle of coordinated development of eco-environmental legislation.
Tan Guangming, deputy director of the State Forestry and grassland Administration, said at a COP14 news conference on November 6 that China will improve the legal system with the Wetland Protection Law as the core, formulate and revise provincial wetland protection laws and regulations, and "escort" wetland protection and development. Give full play to the important role of the river and lake head system and the forest head system, implement the total wetland area control system, and strengthen the target responsibility system assessment. To formulate management systems such as the measures for the Management of International important Wetlands and the measures for the Management of National important Wetlands.