With these symptoms, be on guard against the occurrence of diabetes! Do these things to help you stay away from it.

Poorly controlled blood sugar can cause potential damage to the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, eyes and feet. Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, special types of diabetes and gestational diabetes, commonly known as diabetes. Special types of diabetes are caused by clear genetic or environmental factors. Some diseases that raise blood sugar can occur, especially diabetes, and women are encouraged to be screened for diabetes during pregnancy. What is prediabetes means that blood sugar has been elevated. But has not yet reached the diagnostic criteria for diabetes, blood sugar levels between normal and diabetes in a state, about 1/3 of people will develop type 2 diabetes, five types of people tend to be in pre-diabetes because there are almost no symptoms of pre-diabetes! Had impaired glucose tolerance or gestational diabetes during pregnancy. The occurrence of these symptoms should be vigilant against the occurrence of preprandial hypoglycemia, which may be the earliest symptoms of diabetes.

Today is World Diabetes Day, and this year's theme is "Education changes tomorrow". China is the largest country with diabetes, with 141 million people aged 20-79 in 2021. Surveys show that only 40% of people with diabetes have their blood sugar under control, and poor blood sugar control can cause potential damage to the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, eyes and feet. So, when the body appears what symptoms, we should be on guard against the occurrence of diabetes? How to prevent diabetes? Next, let's take a look.

What are the clinical types of diabetes?

Kuang Hongyu, director of the Endocrinology Department of the first affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, said: at present, diabetes is divided into four types: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, special type diabetes and gestational diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes is more common in children, which is mainly related to the changes of immune status of the body after being infected by some viruses or microorganisms, such as viral colds, viral diarrhea and so on.

Type 2 diabetes, also known as diabetes, mainly occurs in adults, especially obese people and people with fatty liver. About 85% of type 2 diabetes belongs to this type.

Special types of diabetes are caused by clear genetic or environmental factors. For example, some people have genetic mutations that lead to diseases that raise blood sugar; in some patients, there are fewer islets in the pancreas after surgery for pancreatic cancer, which may lead to an increase in blood sugar.

Gestational diabetes is also more common, especially in people with a family history of diabetes, it is particularly easy to induce diabetes. Women are encouraged to be screened for diabetes during pregnancy.

What is prediabetes?

Prediabetes refers to a state in which blood glucose has risen but has not reached the diagnostic criteria of diabetes. The level of blood glucose is between normal and diabetes, that is, fasting blood glucose is maintained between 6.1~7.0mmol/L and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose is between 7.8~11.1mmol/L.

In this case, about 1/3 of people will develop type 2 diabetes if no intervention is taken. Just like the green light all the way to good health, pre-diabetes is a sudden flashing yellow light, indicating that diabetes is ahead, and health is about to turn on a red light!

Five types of people tend to be in pre-diabetes.

Since there are few symptoms of pre-diabetes, it is easy for people to miss the window of prevention. In this regard, Kuang Hongyu, director of the Endocrinology Department of the first affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, suggested that five high-risk groups of diabetes should check fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose at least once a year.

1. People over the age of 40.

two。 Overweight people. That is, body mass index BMI > 24kg/ waist, male waist circumference ≥ 90cm, female waist circumference ≥ 85cm.

3. People with family history of diabetes. Parents and siblings with diabetes should also be vigilant.

4. People with hypertension. "three high" often do not separate, if systolic blood pressure > 140mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure > 90mmHg, or is receiving antihypertensive treatment, diabetes is also easy to find you.

5. People with history of gestational diabetes. Women who have had impaired glucose tolerance or gestational diabetes during pregnancy and have given birth to macrosomia should also regularly screen their blood sugar.

The occurrence of these symptoms should be vigilant against the occurrence of diabetes.

Pre-meal hypoglycemia.

This may be the earliest symptom of diabetes, such as a person who has a full breakfast but feels hungry before lunchtime, when he or she will feel dizzy and sweaty if he or she is not replenished with energy, which is actually a sign of illness.

I'm tired all over.

Although a large number of people do not have the typical symptoms of "three more than one less", their blood sugar has actually risen, and patients often feel tired because a lot of energy is excreted from the body.

skin itch.

A mild increase in blood sugar will stimulate nerve endings, causing skin itching. Some women also have vulvar itching.

Blurred vision.

This is also a common manifestation of diabetes, when the concentration of blood sugar is high, it will affect the regulatory function of the lens in the eye, resulting in blurred vision.

Some patients will also show a decline in wound healing ability, the skin is not easy to get better after being bitten by mosquitoes.

Achieve four points to prevent 80% of diabetes.

Obesity, including body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio, is the most important risk factor for diabetes in Chinese. In the population of this study, the number of new-onset diabetes attributed to excessive body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio was 34.4% and 39.8%, respectively. If the weight exceeds the standard, or fluctuates greatly up and down, the insulin in the body will change dramatically, and eventually the insulin sensitivity will become worse, leading to the occurrence of diabetes.

Watch the waist-to-hip ratio.

People whose fat is mostly distributed in the waist, abdomen and other parts should pay special attention to the visit of diabetes. The smaller the waist-to-hip ratio is, the healthier it is. Generally, the ratio is below 0.85 for women and below 0.9 for men, all of which belong to the healthy range. When this ratio is greater than 1, the risk of developing diabetes increases significantly.

Healthy eating habits.

Studies have shown that individuals have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes with an increase in the intake of red meat or white rice. The increased risk of diabetes caused by eating refined white rice is mainly related to its high glycemic index and hyperglycemic load. Studies have pointed out that increasing dietary intake of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, fish and poultry, while reducing the intake of red meat, processed foods, sweet drinks and starch foods, can reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.

Keep exercising every week.

If you want to achieve the effect of preventing type 2 diabetes, you need moderate physical activity for at least half an hour a day and a total of more than 150 minutes a week. It is very important to maintain good exercise habits, and you should walk as much as possible in your daily work.

Quit smoking.

Smoking also increases the risk of diabetes. Studies have shown that active smokers have a 37% higher risk of diabetes than non-smokers; among non-smokers, those who inhale secondhand smoke for a long time have a 22% higher risk of diabetes than those who do not inhale secondhand smoke.

Alcohol restriction.

Moderate daily alcohol consumption (less than 30 grams of alcohol) can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, according to the study. The impact of drinking on health is more complex, moderate drinking has a certain preventive effect on some diseases, but can lead to other types of health problems, such as malignant tumors. For individuals who do not drink alcohol, it is not recommended to start drinking; for individuals who have a daily drinking habit, moderate drinking is recommended and do not drink too much.

Ten tips to help you stay away from diabetes

1. Eat more gluten foods.

Gluten, or glutenin, is common in cereal crops. According to the data, those who ate the highest consumption were 80% less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those who ate the least gluten.

two。 Limit carbohydrates.

According to the research results, reducing the intake of carbohydrates in the diet can prevent or even reverse diabetes. By adjusting the diet, it is possible to eliminate the symptoms of most patients.

3. Be a vegetarian.

The researchers found that eating high-quality vegetarian foods such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts and soy products significantly reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes. The study, published in the Public Library of Science Journal Medical fascicles, shows that eating more vegetarian foods such as fruits and vegetables can also prevent type 2 diabetes.

4. eat at home.

Experts have found that eating at home can help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. Compared with people who ate lunch or dinner at home less than six times a week, people who ate these two meals at home every day (11 to 14 times a week) had a 13% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

5. Cooking chooses steaming and stewing.

The results show that avoiding advanced glycation end products (AGE) can improve insulin sensitivity in obese people with insulin resistance. AGE is a common by-product of cooking, which is commonly found in dry-burned and hot-processed foods. Its high level in the body will cause prediabetic symptoms such as increased insulin resistance.

6. Drink coffee.

The researchers found that coffee contains two active substances, caffeic alcohol and caffeic acid. When blood sugar rises, these two substances lead to increased insulin production and increased glucose intake in muscle cells, similar to current prescription drugs to treat diabetes. This means that drinking coffee may be good for blood sugar, but be careful not to add extra sugar and milk.

7. Lose weight as soon as possible.

If obese young people lose weight before they reach middle age, they can largely avoid health risks. The researchers selected records of men's military service, which collected men's body mass index (BMI) at the age of 21 and conducted a follow-up survey 30 years later. The analysis showed that men with high BMI at the age of 21 had a similar risk of developing diabetes at the age of 50 if their BMI decreased at the age of 50.

8. High-intensity intermittent exercise.

The researchers asked participants to do 24 weeks of intensive intermittent exercise and found that this exercise can improve the body's sensitivity to insulin, improve physical fitness and reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

9. Balance the intestinal flora.

According to a study in the journal Nature, researchers selected 277 non-diabetic and 75 type 2 diabetic patients to detect the concentration of more than 1200 metabolites in their blood and DNA analysis of hundreds of bacteria in the human intestinal tract. The results show that specific intestinal bacterial imbalances can lead to increased insulin tolerance, which increases people's risk of developing type 2 diabetes and so on.

10. Keep your heart rate low.

The researchers monitored the heart rate of nearly 100000 Chinese adults and followed the rest after excluding diabetics. Participants with a high heart rate had an increased risk of developing diabetes, prediabetes and the transition from prediabetes to diabetes, the study found.

Source: Heilongjiang Traffic Radio