3 tests, 5 signs, 9 types of high-risk groups, do not see a big loss!

healthy 74 0 2022-07-30

Besides bubble urine and back pain, it is important to know when you should go for a kidney test and what the value of the test means in order to protect your kidneys.

When should I have a kidney test?

Because kidney disease does not cause back pain until the later stage, and if it is not acute inflammation, there will be no fever or back pain at all.

Therefore, the Society of Nephrology has proposedThe five words of "bubble water high poverty" and "three three screening method", suggesting that patients with related symptoms and high risk group should go to the hospital for three kinds of examination every three months.

Bubbles: Symptoms of abnormal urine such as bubble urine and hematuria.
Water: symptoms of edema.
High: Have hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia.
Anemia: Symptoms of anemia, including dizziness and pale face.
Tiredness: Feeling tired easily.

Gout, anemia, diabetes, leukemia, uremia

9 high risk groups of kidney disease

Have diabetes
Have high blood pressure
Have high blood cholesterol
Have cardiovascular disease
Have gout
Have a family history of kidney disease
Have abnormal urine such as proteinuria or hematuria
Over 65 years old
Take drugs of unknown origin frequently

Gout Anemia Diabetes mellitus Leukemia Uremia

3 kinds of kidney disease examination

1 、 Measure blood pressure

High blood pressure can damage the blood filtration system of the kidneys due to excessive blood pressure, so high blood pressure is one of the most important warning signs to pay attention to in the early stage.

2 、 Urine test

Urine examination can be divided into 3 types, the general examination will do the first 2 items of measurement, biochemical test, but urine sediment microscopy is not always carried out. The visual examination mainly looks at the color, cloudiness and clarity, and then further analyzes the composition of the urine with biochemical tests.

Protein (proteinuria), red blood cells (hematuria), sugar (diabetes), and the percentage of white blood cells, which represents the inflammatory response, are four values that are particularly relevant to urological diseases.

However, many patients with kidney failure do not have any obvious symptoms of bubble urine or hematuria at all, which is why they need to go for special tests to know how well the kidneys are currently filtering these macromolecules.

Urine protein:The amount of protein in a normal person's urine in a day is about 1 in 10,000, which is about 150mg of protein in a day of 1500mL of urine.
Diabetes: The normal glucose concentration is generally 180mg of glucose per 100mL of urine, and the maximum should not exceed 200mg.
Hematuria/white blood cell: Just a slight amount indicates possible bleeding or inflammation of the urinary system.

Gout Anemia Diabetes mellitus Leukemia Uremia

3 、 Blood draw

Urea ammonia is a metabolite produced in the digestive cycle after protein ingestion, while creatinine is a product of muscle activity metabolism, both of which are excreted through the kidneys.

The normal value of urea ammonia is about 5~25mg/dl, but most of the time it is recommended to be below 20mg/dl.

The normal value of creatinine is between 0.7-1.5 mg/dl for men and 0.5-1.2 mg/dl for women.

3 tests, 5 signs, 9 types of high-risk groups, do not see a big loss!

However, there are twoKidneys, so oneKidneyIs damaged, but the other one can still maintain normal function. It is possible that the value is normal but one of theKidneysIs damaged; therefore, for the high-risk group, a creatinine clearance test may be added, and 24-hour urine and blood must be collected for the test.

Because creatinine clearance is troublesome, it is now recommended to useGlomerular filtration rate (GFR)To self-judge the extent to which the kidneys are able to filter. This can be calculated by simply knowing the creatinine value after the blood is drawn.

GFR = (140-age) x weight in kilograms / 72 x creatinine, and for women, the result is multiplied by another 0.72.

Gout Anemia Diabetes Leukemia Uremia

Stages of chronic kidney disease

Stage I:GFR 90% 100 ml/min/1.73m2, kidney function is about 80% of normal, but daily function is not affected, and there may be proteinuria and hematuria at the same time.

Stagetwo: GFR 60% 89 ml/min/1.73m2, kidney function is about 60% of normal, considered mild chronic kidney disease, need to control the three highs, recommended to receive kidney examination every six months.

Stage 3:GFR 3059 ml/min/1.73m2, kidney function can still be maintained at about 300.60% of normal, considered as moderate chronic kidney disease, but need active treatment to maintain the kidney function now.

StageIVGFR 1529 ml/min/1.73m2, kidney function can still be maintained at about 1530%, considered as severe chronic kidney disease, but need active treatment to maintain the current function of the kidney.

Stage V:GFR 15ml/min/1.73m2 or less, kidney function is only about 15%, it is already in the end stage of chronic kidney disease, and may need dialysis treatment (dialysis) or kidney transplantation.

What other problems do you have in disease prevention, headlines focus on Southern Health, the doctor consultant of the tertiary hospital continues to provide you with professional health knowledge.

# Prepare for your 60th # Hello March # Clear Breeze Project # I want to make headlines