Of the 10 most commonly used heart tests, which one is suitable for you?
And even cause cardiac arrest. That is, the circuit of the arrhythmic heart refers to the beating of the heart, that is, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart stent, heart bypass and so on all belong to heart waterway disease. Angina pectoris can occur when plaque stenosis exceeds 70%, including left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, myocardium, atrial septum, interventricular septum, mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, pulmonary valve, etc. There is something wrong with the door and window of the heart, that is, the valve. The other is the structural changes of the heart caused by other diseases or other heart diseases, such as rheumatic heart disease, which is eventually caused by rheumatic heart disease; for example, high blood pressure can lead to structural changes in the hypertensive heart; drinking can lead to changes in the structure of the heart, 10 different heart tests, so there is no one test that can detect all heart diseases. Check to see if the rhythm is sinus rhythm.
The author: Wang Xing, Deputy Chief physician of Cardiovascular Department of 983 Hospital of Joint Logistics support Force
So many kinds of heart tests, when the heart is uncomfortable, what can be done more accurately? You have to understand that the heart is made up of several parts.
The heart consists of three parts.
Heart = circuit + waterway + atrioventricular wall.
The heart is actually like a house, with circuits, waterways, houses, basements and walls. That is, the heart basically consists of the above three parts, including the ECG system, that is, the beating of the heart, the cardiovascular system, that is, the blood supply of the heart itself, and the atrioventricular cavity and myocardium of the heart, that is, the structure and function of the heart.
These three departments can be said to be independent, and they can also be sick independently. But only if these three parts are intact, the heart can work properly, otherwise there will be a heart attack. Moreover, if something goes wrong in one department, there may also be problems in several other departments, which may eventually lead to heart failure, heart failure, or even cardiac arrest.
1. Circuit disease, that is, arrhythmia
The circuit of the heart refers to the beating of the heart, arrhythmia refers to the abnormal heartbeat, too fast, too slow, random beat three belong to arrhythmia.
In a healthy heart, the beat should be sinus rhythm, and everything else that is not sinus rhythm is abnormal, or heart disease. Such as atrial rhythm, ventricular rhythm, supraventricular rhythm and so on.
The heartbeat should generally be between 50 and 100 beats, of course, preferably between 50 and 80. If the heartbeat is less than 50 beats / min or more than 100 beats / min during rest, it is abnormal, called bradycardia or tachycardia.
2. Waterway disease, that is, cardiovascular disease
The waterway of the heart, in fact, is the blood supply of the heart itself, that is, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart stent, heart bypass and so on all belong to heart waterway disease.
As you get older and a range of factors, you may have plaques in your blood vessels. Coronary artery plaque is called coronary atherosclerosis. When the plaque is narrowed by more than 50%, it is called coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, or coronary heart disease. When the plaque is narrowed by more than 70%, it can lead to angina pectoris; when the plaque ruptures and forms a thrombus, it blocks blood vessels, called myocardial infarction; and very severe plaques that cannot be controlled by drugs may require stents or bypass grafts.
3. Atrioventricular wall, that is, heart structural disease
The structure of the heart, including left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, myocardium, atrial septum, interventricular septum, mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, pulmonary valve and so on.
That is, the house and basement of a house; and the walls between houses and basements; the door between the left atrium and the left ventricle is called the mitral valve, and the door between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called the tricuspid valve.
One of the structural problems of the heart is congenital heart disease, such as atrial septal defect, that is, a hole in the wall between the atrium, and ventricular septal defect, that is, a hole in the wall between the ventricles.
There is also an acquired cause, which is also divided into two kinds, one is degenerative disease, such as too old, the door and window of the heart, that is, the valve will have problems. The other is the structural changes of the heart caused by other diseases or other heart diseases, such as rheumatic heart disease is the final cause of heart valve problems caused by rheumatic disease; for example, hypertension can lead to changes in the structure of the heart, resulting in hypertensive heart disease; drinking can lead to changes in the structure of the heart, called alcoholic cardiomyopathy Almost all heart diseases are not treated properly in time, which will eventually affect the size of the heart, lead to the enlargement of the atrioventricular cavity, eventually lead to cardiac insufficiency, lead to heart failure and shorten life.
Ten different cardiac examinations
The purpose of inspection is different
Precisely because there are so many types of heart disease, and there are many specific heart diseases under the three main categories, there is no certain kind of test that can detect all heart diseases. Therefore, the heart examination items have their own characteristics and different purposes:
1. Electrocardiogram:
Check whether the rhythm is sinus rhythm or other rhythm, such as atrial tachycardia, atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, atrial premature, ventricular premature, etc. Check the heart rate, that is, how many beats a minute.
At the same time, P wave, ST segment, T wave, PR interval, QT segment can be seen, so as to judge or infer arrhythmia, heart size, myocardial ischemia and so on.
2. Cardiac color ultrasound:
Check whether the size of the left and right atrium and ventricle of the heart is normal, check whether the myocardium is normal, check whether the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve and pulmonary valve are normal, and check whether the heart function is normal.
3. Dynamic electrocardiogram:
A 24-hour electrocardiogram can record every heartbeat in 24 hours in order to record the heartbeat more comprehensively, especially for the diagnosis of arrhythmias.
4. Plate test:
That is, do the ECG on the treadmill, while running, record the ECG to see if there are any changes in the ST segment, so as to determine whether there is coronary heart disease.
5. Coronary CTA:
One kind of enhanced CT, mainly to see if there are plaques and stenosis in the blood vessels of the heart, to diagnose coronary heart disease.
6. Coronary angiography:
At present, it is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease, so cardiography is mainly to check whether there is coronary heart disease, rather than the most accurate examination of the heart.
7. Cardiac nuclides:
It is a method to judge whether there is myocardial ischemia or not, and it is a good choice for asymptomatic myocardial ischemia.
8. Electrophysiological examination:
Arrhythmia is suspected, but it is not caught by electrocardiogram and dynamic electrocardiogram. Electrophysiological examination is needed if necessary, which is also a way for catheters to enter the body.
9. Troponin, myocardial enzymes:
When a myocardial infarction or myocarditis is suspected, a blood test is needed to see if it is elevated and to determine whether there is myocardial damage.
10 、 BNP:
In patients who are suspected of heart failure or already have heart failure, blood BNP is drawn to help determine the degree of heart failure.
Therefore, there is no such thing as the best examination, only the one that is most suitable for you. Sometimes an electrocardiogram of 30 yuan + the patient's symptoms can be diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. So it's not that cheap tests are not accurate.
According to the patient's symptoms, the cardiovascular doctor will initially determine whether it may be an electrical problem, a waterway problem, or a structural problem, and then choose the appropriate examination.
For example: palpitations, palpitations, rapid heartbeat, slow heartbeat, heartbeat disorder, blackening, syncope, etc., will consider arrhythmia, so it will be recommended to do ECG or dynamic ECG.
For example, angina pectoris symptoms such as chest pain, chest tightness and precordial pain will consider cardiovascular stenosis, so it is recommended to do an ECG or further treadmill test, or directly observe whether there are plaques in the blood vessels of coronary CT or coronary angiography.
For example: chest suffocation, wheezing when walking, children often squatting down when walking, purple lips, puffy lower limbs, loss of appetite and so on. So if it is suspected that it is cardiac insufficiency or heart failure, then it is recommended to do cardiac color Doppler ultrasound to see if it is valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, or heart enlargement.
In short, there are many kinds of heart disease, there are many kinds of heart examination, there is no best, only suitable for their own is the best!
Source: health Times