Here comes the "Map of High incidence of Cancer" in the provinces of the country.
In 2016, the incidence of 15 major malignant tumors in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) ranked in order (the figure represents the number of cases of each cancer species in the corresponding provinces). The National Cancer Center and the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences published the latest data on the prevalence of malignant tumors in China in the Chinese Journal of Oncology. Lung cancer ranks first in the incidence of malignant tumors in China due to the time required for national data collection, collation and verification to estimate the epidemic characteristics of malignant tumors in China in 2016. Lung cancer ranks first in the incidence of malignant tumors in China, with about 828100 new cases of lung cancer in China. Digestive tract tumors such as esophageal, gastric and liver cancer are still at a high incidence level. The incidence of lung cancer ranks first in all regions except Tibet Autonomous region, Gansu Province and Qinghai Province, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma ranks 20th in the incidence of malignant tumors in the country.
In 2016, the number of cases of 15 major malignant tumors in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) ranked in order (the figure represents the number of cases of each cancer species in the corresponding provinces).
Photo: Chinese Journal of Oncology
April 15-21, 2023 is the 29th National Cancer Prevention and treatment publicity week. The theme of this year's week is "Comprehensive Action for Cancer Prevention and Control-- whole population and whole Society". The health edition of this newspaper has launched a series of reports on tumor prevention and treatment.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a high incidence in Guangdong and Guangxi, thyroid cancer has a high incidence in Tianjin and Zhejiang, and prostate cancer has a high incidence in economically developed areas. Recently, the National Cancer Center and the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences published the latest data on the prevalence of malignant tumors in China in the Chinese Journal of Oncology, and announced the prevalence of major cancer spectra in various provinces for the first time. What is the current prevalence of malignant tumors in China? What are the differences in the types of high incidence of cancer in different places? What are the common cancers? The relevant experts gave an answer.
Lung cancer ranks first in the incidence of malignant tumors in China.
Cancer data reporting is usually delayed due to the time required for national data collection, collation and verification. As of August 31, 2019, the National Cancer Center had received cancer registration data for 2016 from 682 registries in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), including 251 cities at prefecture level and above and 431 cities at county and county level. to estimate the epidemic characteristics of malignant tumors in China in 2016. Finally, the "Analysis of malignant tumor prevalence in China 2016" (hereinafter referred to as "the report") included 487 registries that met the data quality control standards, covering a total population of 380 million, including 192 million in urban and 188 million in rural areas.
The report shows that in terms of the number of cases, lung cancer ranks first in the incidence of malignant tumors in China. In 2016, there were about 828100 new cases of lung cancer in China, twice as many as 408000 cases of colorectal cancer, which ranked second. Gastric cancer, liver cancer and female breast cancer ranked 3rd-5th respectively, with an incidence of more than 300000 cases. The first five malignant tumors accounted for 57.27% of all new cases. The 6th to 10th places were esophageal cancer, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, brain tumor and pancreatic cancer, with more than 100000 cases. Digestive tract tumors such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, although still at a high incidence level, have shown a rapid downward trend.
According to the statistics, there are some differences in the main prevalent cancers in different provinces. Among the 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), the incidence of lung cancer ranks first in all regions except Tibet Autonomous region, Gansu Province and Qinghai Province, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma ranks 20th in the incidence of malignant tumors in the country. however, it ranks in the top 10 in Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Hainan Province, Jiangxi Province and Guizhou Province. Thyroid cancer ranks seventh in the country, but it rises to the second place in Tianjin, Zhejiang Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region. The incidence of esophageal cancer is relatively low in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangdong Province. Prostate cancer is high in areas with a high degree of social and economic development, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province and so on.
There are also significant differences in cancer spectrum structure between urban and rural areas, such as breast cancer and colorectal cancer in urban areas, and digestive system tumors such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer in rural areas. The report points out that the current cancer spectrum structure in China is the coexistence of cancer spectrum in developed countries and cancer spectrum in developing countries. In relatively developed areas, there is a high incidence of lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer and prostate cancer, but in areas where the social economy is relatively backward, there is still a high incidence of digestive tract tumors such as gastric cancer, esophageal cancer and liver cancer. At the same time, it is accompanied by colorectal cancer, breast cancer and so on.
Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer
"Lung cancer not only ranks first in the incidence and death of malignant tumors in China, but also one of the cancers with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world." "the lung is a relatively open organ and a 'window' for communication between the human body and the outside world, so it is greatly affected by external harmful substances," said Liu Zhe, chief physician in the Department of Oncology of Beijing chest Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University. "
"the pathogenic factors of lung cancer are complicated. Smoking is the main risk factor for lung cancer. More than 80% of patients who die from lung cancer are caused by smoking or passive smoking. We often say that the three '20s' are very important-those who have smoked for more than 20 years, those who have started smoking before the age of 20, and those who smoke more than 20 cigarettes a day, as long as they reach any of the above three, they are very likely to develop lung cancer. " Liu Zhe said that clinically, multiplying the number of smoking per day by the number of years of smoking is called the smoking index of lung cancer. If a person smokes an average of 20 cigarettes a day and has smoked for 20 years, then the smoking index of that person is 400. If a person's smoking index is greater than 400, their risk of lung cancer is 20 times higher than that of non-smokers. In other words, people with a smoking index greater than 400 are at high risk of lung cancer.
According to the China smoking Hazard report 2020 released by the National Health Commission, the global smoking rate among people over the age of 15 dropped to 19.2% from 2007 to 2017, but in 2018, the smoking rate for people over the age of 15 in China was 26.6%, of which the smoking rate for men exceeded 50.5%.
The study found that the earlier you quit smoking, the greater the health benefits and the longer your life expectancy. " Liu Zhe said that the lung cancer mortality rate of smokers who quit smoking for five years was lower than that of ordinary smokers (1 pack a day), or close to that of non-smokers. After quitting smoking for 10 years, the incidence of lung cancer decreased to the average level of non-smokers, so smoking control and quitting smoking is one of the most effective and active ways to prevent lung cancer.
According to Liu Zhe, radon exposure is the second largest risk factor for lung cancer and is one of the major carcinogens announced by the World Health Organization. In addition, risk factors for lung cancer include family history and genetic factors, long-term exposure to secondhand smoke, asbestos, some special metals (such as arsenic, chromium, cadmium, etc.), some organic substances, radiation, air pollution, kitchen fumes, automobile exhaust, etc.
"to prevent lung cancer, we should also pay attention to the air quality around us." Liu Zhe said that everyone is advised to pay attention to the daily air quality broadcast. For example, in severe air pollution weather to reduce outdoor stay time, travel to wear particulate matter protective masks. At the same time, we should pay more attention to indoor pollution, do a good job of family green decoration, pay attention to indoor ventilation, choose indoor air purification devices, effectively absorb harmful particles in the room, reduce pollution, improve cardiopulmonary function and promote health.
Why the high incidence of cancer is different in different provinces
"China has a vast territory, and there are great differences in climate, environment, eating habits, lifestyle and other aspects, so different regions have different high incidence of cancer." Liu Zhe said that, for example, the incidence of gastric cancer ranks first among malignant tumors in Gansu and Qinghai provinces. "in addition to genetic factors, the occurrence of gastric and esophageal cancer is mainly related to eating habits. For example, overeating, hard food, cold diet, spicy food, pickled food, etc., easy to stimulate the gastric mucosa or esophageal mucosa, leading to irreversible mutation of epithelial cells, and eventually develop into cancer."
In areas with a high degree of social and economic development, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, the incidence of colorectal cancer and prostate cancer is relatively high. "Colorectal cancer and prostate cancer are also known as' rich cancer', and they have a high incidence in Europe and the United States." Liu Zhe said that with the improvement of living conditions, the diet of residents in some areas is gradually inclined to a high-fat diet and a high-energy diet, which can easily lead to a high incidence of cancers such as colorectal cancer and prostate cancer, especially in areas with better economic conditions. the incidence will be relatively high.
There are some differences in the incidence of cancer between different genders. The report points out that the first incidence of lung cancer in men is lung cancer, followed by liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer, while breast cancer is the first in women, followed by lung cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer and gastric cancer. In the past 10 years, the incidence of thyroid cancer in women has increased by more than 20% a year, which may be related to the current level of diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors and the improvement of health awareness of residents. However, the mortality rate of thyroid cancer has remained low over the past decade, with an annual increase of about 1.6%, indicating that the current increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer may be related to overdiagnosis.
"most thyroid cancers develop slowly and have a good prognosis, so they are called 'lazy cancer'." According to Liu Zhe, however, there are still a small number of types with high degree of deterioration that are not easy to be accurately identified. While avoiding overtreatment, patients with thyroid cancer are also advised to consult specialists in regular large hospitals and choose appropriate treatment methods according to the doctor's advice.
"for women, in addition to regular physical examinations, do not misuse exogenous estrogen, but also pay attention to maintain a peaceful and pleasant mood." Liu Zhe stressed that the high incidence of tumors in women, such as breast and thyroid cancer, is related to bad emotions. To prevent cancer, we first need to maintain a happy mood and a peaceful state of mind, not often depressed or angry, and pay attention to physical exercise at the same time. Strengthen your own immunity.
"according to the World Health Organization, cancers in 1pare 3 are completely preventable; cancers in 1gamma 3 can be cured through early detection; and cancers in gamma 3 can use existing medical measures to prolong life, reduce pain and improve quality of life." "reasonable diet, moderate exercise, quitting smoking and drinking, and psychological balance can effectively reduce the incidence of cancer," Liu Zhe said. If we can maintain a healthy lifestyle, adhere to regular physical examinations, and deal with precancerous lesions in time, many malignant tumors can be prevented and controlled. " (Wang Meihua)
Source: people's Daily online-People's Daily overseas version