What are the schools of Hatha Yoga and Asang Yoga?
Which factions are yoga divided into?
Although there are many yoga schools, they all change. The following are common yoga schools as a reference for the combination of asanas and breathing meditation:
Hatha Yoga
The Sanskrit term "Hata" is the general term for all body postures in yoga. Hatha yoga only refers to the basis of all other types of yoga (Ashtanga, Iyengar, etc.). Hatha yoga is the most suitable for beginners because they are usually slower than other types of yoga. If you are new to yoga, hatha yoga is a good starting point.
Iyengar Yoga
Iyengar Yoga is created by B.K.S. Founded by Iyengar, it focuses on physical coordination and precise movements. In Iyengar's class, students take various postures while controlling their breathing. Generally speaking, the posture is maintained for a long time while adjusting the details of the posture. Iyengar relies heavily on props to help students refine their forms and get deeper into postures in a safe way. Although you can't dance around, after Iyengar dance class, you will definitely get exercise and feel extremely open and relaxed. This style is really great for injured people who need to work slowly and methodically.
Kundahlini yoga
Kundahlini yoga practice is an equal part of the mind and body. This style is about releasing the energy of the kundahlini in your body, which is said to be trapped or coiled around the lower spine. These courses exercise your core and breathing through fast movement, energetic posture and breathing exercises. Courses include chanting, spells and meditation.
Ashtanga
In Sanskrit, Ashtanga is translated as "the road of eight limbs". Ashtanga Yoga includes a series of body-demanding poses, so this kind of yoga is definitely not suitable for beginners. Only experienced yoga people will really like it. Ashtanga starts with the five-day worship style An and the fifth worship Japanese style B, and then enters a series of standing and floor positions.
Flow yoga
Flow yoga is the most athletic style of yoga. Exercise in flow yoga is to coordinate your breathing and movement from one pose to another. Each action is accompanied by a breath, and there is no interruption between the movement and the movement, emphasizing the fluency of the breath and the body during the change of the movement. Flow yoga exercises can exercise the muscles of the whole body to promote blood circulation, raise body temperature and make us sweat a lot and excrete toxins. Together with breathing, it helps to exercise cardiopulmonary function.
High temperature yoga
If you want to sweat in yoga, this is your style. It is a series of fixed postures at a temperature of 38 ℃-40 ℃ in a specific yoga room. The sequence consists of a series of 26 basic postures, each of which is practiced twice.
Yin Yoga
Yin Yoga is a kind of slow-paced yoga that stays in sitting posture for longer. Yin Yoga can also be a meditation yoga practice that helps you find peace of mind. The course is easy because you should use gravity to do most of the exercise.
Yoga is divided into four main schools-Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Jnana Yoga and Raja Yoga.
1. Yoga Karma Yoga
Karma yoga is mainly a kind of self-spirit of God, in fact, through their own practice, so that their own spirit to a higher level.
2. Bong'ai Yoga Karma Yoga
The most important form of Bong'ai yoga is singing hymns. Then through a lot of actions, prayers, to achieve the purpose of spiritual practice, purify their hearts and emotions.
3. Zhi Yoga Jnana Yoga
Zhiyuga is the yoga of knowledge and wisdom, and it is also one of the most difficult schools. It requires great will and wisdom. Following the philosophy of Vedanta, Zhi Yoga explores its own essence through its own mind.
4. Wang Yoga Raja Yoga
The founder of Wang Yoga is PATANJALI, author of the Yoga Sutra. He summed up the eight branches of yoga, which provide yoga practitioners with practical steps to purify their body and spirit, often referred to as "the way of kings".
Extended data
Related taboos
Taboo one: mood swings are not suitable to practice yoga. Yoga belongs to the exercise that both body and mind should cooperate with. If the muscles are tight in case of anger, anxiety and tension, it is best not to practice yoga so as not to get hurt. Only when the muscles are soft can you practice yoga more healthily and safely.
Taboo 2: after a few classes, I feel sore joints and tendons, which may not be suitable for practicing yoga. Some people are born with poor physical softness, while yoga trains the softness of the body and the extension of muscle strength. if there is joint pain or tendon inflammation after each yoga, the body may not be soft enough. It's not suitable for yoga.
Taboo 3: people with osteoporosis should be careful in practice. Some yoga exercises must use limbs such as hands or feet to support the weight of the body. if there is osteoporosis, it is likely that the strength of the core muscles is not well trained, resulting in accidental fracture of the elbow.
Taboo 4: high intraocular pressure, high myopia, handstand on the head and feet is not recommended. Forward bending or handstand will increase intraocular pressure, so people with high intraocular pressure and high myopia are not recommended to practice yoga.
Taboo 5: poor physical condition, early recovery of serious illness, early fracture should not practice yoga. Yoga needs to be in good condition in order to achieve the effect of training body function and muscle groups. if the body is not in good condition, muscles, joints and ligaments can not exert their strength, and it is easy to get hurt when practicing yoga.
Taboo 6: epilepsy, cerebral cortex damage. Many yoga movements will involve extension to the neck, and if there is epilepsy or cerebral cortex damage, forward bending and back massage neck extension, may cause seizures.
Taboo 7: if you have blood coagulation disease or blood coagulation disease, avoid practicing yoga. Yoga movements require positioning, limb extension and torsion, which may lead to a decrease in peripheral blood flow, which is more likely to lead to serious blood coagulation and cardiovascular disease.
Popular schools include: Yin Yoga, Bikram hot yoga (also known as "hot yoga, Bikram Hot Yoga"), flow yoga (Vinyasa Yoga), Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga yoga (Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga), Lyengar Yoga yoga (Lyengar Yoga) and so on, most of which are branches or derivatives of classical hatha yoga (Hatha Yoga).
1. Yin Yoga: a school that pays attention to connective tissue exercise, characterized by relaxing muscles in each pose and sticking to it for a long time. The asana arrangement is mainly gentle, not paying attention to the connection and fine coordination between poses, so it is more suitable for restorative exercise.
2. Bikram hot yoga: based on 26 fixed asanas and pranayama methods, it is carried out at a room temperature of 38 degrees Celsius and a certain humidity to heat the muscles quickly to achieve the goal of sweating and detoxification. The yoga teaching under this school is more intense and needs a certain physical foundation.
3. Flow Yoga: a relatively gentle and stretched school. Pay attention to the cooperation of breathing and the connection between asanas, the difficulty of asanas is relatively low.
4. Ashtanga Yoga: the content of asana is challenging and requires a certain physical foundation. And the asana arrangement of this school is strictly regulated in order, which needs to be practiced in sequence.
5. Iyengar Yoga: this school emphasizes the physiotherapy of physical diseases, which is characterized by the precise coordination of asanas and the application of various auxiliary materials, so it is also called "assisted yoga".
Yoga (/ yoga o yoga yoga /; Sanskrit: yoga; pronunciation) is a group of physical, psychological, and spiritual origins from practice or discipline in ancient India. Yoga is the (orthodox) Hindu philosophical tradition of June 1st stika.
There are a variety of yoga schools, practices and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. 's term "yoga" in the western world often refers to a modern form of Hada yoga and yoga practice, mostly called postures.
The origin of yoga has been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; probably in the Indus Valley civilization of about 3000 BCE. It refers to the rig Veda, [Note 1] , but yoga is most likely to develop into a systematic study of asceticism and salmon movements in ancient India around the fifth and sixth centuries BCE. [Note 2] the earliest texts describing yoga practices are not clearly compiled and are vastly recorded in the meaning of Yoga. The date of Patanjali's Yoga Sutra dates from the second century BCE, and was first introduced after being highlighted by Swamy Vivekananda in the western part of the 20th century. Hada yoga texts sometimes appeared between the 9th and 11th centuries in the origin of esoteric Buddhism.
Yoga masters from India later introduced yoga to the West, Swamy Vivekananda's success in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with his adaptation of yoga traditions, but not including the following asanas. Outside India, it has developed into a posture-based physical fitness, stress relief and relaxation technique. In India, traditional yoga, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core. , one of the six orthodox Hindu schools, also known as yoga, has its own epistemology, ontology and metaphysics, as well as the closely related Hindu numerology philosophy.
The ultimate goal of yoga is liberation, although the exact form depends on the philosophical or theological system attached to it.
In the classic Astanga yoga, the ultimate goal of yoga practice is to achieve national Samadhi compliance as pure consciousness in this state.
According to Jacobson, yoga has five main traditional meanings:
1. A punishment method used to obtain the target
two。 Techniques for controlling the body and mind
3. A school or idea (an audience with the name of the system)
4. With prefixes such as "hatha-,mantra-, and laya-, traditional professional yoga specific techniques"
5. The goal of yoga practice.
According to David Gordon White, since the 5th century AD, the core principles of CE's "yoga" have been more or less, and these principles have evolved over time in various forms:
1. Discover abnormal perceptions and perceptions, as well as meditation techniques to overcome it from pain, inner peace and redemption; this principle explains that texts are found in India, such as the Bhagavad Gita and Yogasutras, in some Buddhist Mahayana works, and in Jain texts
two。 In knowing and expanding from one's own consciousness common extension with everyone, everything; these in the source, such as in the Hindu Veda literature and its epic discussion of Bradha, the Pra religious amaratiprakarana, and the Buddhist Nicoye text
3. Make a path to impermanence (illusory, illusory) and permanent (real, transcendental) reality with omniscient and enlightened consciousness; examples are found in Hinduism and Vaisesika textbooks and Buddhist meso-texts, but in different ways
4. The techniques used to enter other institutions, generate multiple institutions, and other supernatural results; these are, pointing out Bai, in the literature described in esoteric Hinduism and Buddhism, as well as Buddhism ma ñ aphalasutta; James Malinson, but disagrees, and proposes such marginal practices far away from mainstream yoga as the goal of meditation-driven means of religious liberation in India.
White clarified that the last principle involves "yoga practice", different legendary goals from actual goals to yoga practice, "because they are seen in South Asia as ideas and, because of the beginning of a common era of practice, in different Hindu, Buddhist and Jain philosophical schools.
In Hinduism, practices include wise yoga, beloved yoga, ga yoga, duck yoga and Hada yoga.
Classical yoga
Main article: yoga (philosophy)
What is commonly referred to as classical yoga, Astanga (octagonal yoga), or king yoga is mainly an overview of the highly influential types of yoga yoga Patanjali sutras. The origin of the classical yoga tradition is unclear, but the early discussion of the term appears in the Upanishads. The name "King Yoga" (King Yoga) initially denotes the ultimate goal of yoga, Samadhi, , but was popularized by Vivekananda as the common name of Ashtanga Yoga, [19 Note] eight limbs are practiced to achieve Samadhi, as described in the Yoga Sutra. Yoga is also considered to be an orthodox philosophical school (one of the darsanas Hindus) (those who accept the Vedas as a source of knowledge).
Classical yoga combines epistemology, metaphysics, moral practice, systematic practice and self-development techniques of body, mind and spirit. Its epistemology (pramana) and metaphysics are similar to the Shangqiya school. The metaphysical classical yoga, like Shankia, is mainly dualistic and argues that there are two distinct realities. These substances are natural (natural), which is the eternal and active source of the material world and consists of three forms, and puru natural aS (human), plural consciousness this is the principle of intelligence in the world, is multiple, inactive and eternal witness. Everyone has a separate puru rooma, this is their true self, witnesses and pleasure, that is liberation. This metaphysical system regards puru as its interaction and identifies and experiences a cycle of prakirti. Liberate, the goal of the system, from isolating (resulting kaivalya) puru from prakirti, and through the separation of oneself from different forms (meditation to achieve tattvas) prakirti. This is done by draining one's mind waves (mind vritti) and resting puru consciousness.
Unlike Hinduism, which engages in non-theistic / atheistic rational methods, the Shangqiya School Hindu Yoga School accepts a concept of "individual, but basically inactive, God" or "personal God" (Isvara).
Buddhist yoga
Sakyamuni Buddha and Zen handprints (meditation and sitting posture handprints), Gal Jingshe, Sri Lanka.
Main articles: meditation practice and Zen
Buddhist yoga covers a wide variety of methods designed to develop 37 aids called key virtues or qualities to awaken. The ultimate goal of Buddhist yoga is Bodhi (awakening) or must kill (stop), which is traditionally regarded as suffering (permanent suffering) and rebirth. [20] the Sutra Pavilion uses practices in addition to the spirit of yoga, such as many aspects of bh "van" ("development") [Note 21] and the first Zen / Zen. [note 22]
In early Buddhism, various practices of yoga were taught, including:
Four dhydiarnas (4 meditation or psychological absorption)
4 satipatthanas (foundations or watchful institutions)
Anpanim (pay attention to breathing)
In 4 invisible houses (the paranormal state of the mind)
The four Buddhists live (the dwelling of God).
Anussati (contemplation, memory)
These meditations are considered to be supported by eight-fold paths by other elements described, such as practical ethics, right consumption, sense of constraint, and right view. It is said that the two psychological qualities become Buddhist yoga practices, which are indispensable to extravagant massage (calmness, stability) and Vipassana (insight, clear vision). Extravagant he is of stable quality, relaxed and cool-headed. It is also associated with concentration (spiritual unity, focus) and Zen (the state of meditation absorption). At the same time, Vipassana is a kind of understanding or penetration of the true nature of the understood phenomenon. It is also defined as "seeing ta things because they really are" (yathpowered bh.) dar things anam. The essence of things is defined and interpreted in different ways, but an important feature of classical Buddhism is that all its phenomena (understanding dhammas) are empty (Atman) or inner essence, and the doctrine is called selflessness ("non-self") and emptiness (emptiness). this is in sharp contrast to most other Indian traditions, whose goal is either to build on the individual soul (Atman, Soul, Divine I) or universal monistic consciousness (Brahmin). Vipassana also requires the understanding of suffering (and therefore the four truths), impermanence (impermanence) and the origin of interdependence.
Later developments in different Buddhist traditions led to new innovations in yoga practice. In Hinayana schools, while being relatively conservative, they are still the most influential in their later works, among which are the new ideas on meditation and yoga in developed countries. It is said that Indian meditation teaches Mahayana Buddhism in influential texts, such as Yoga (compiled by C. In the 4th century AD). Mahayana meditation exercises have also developed and adopted new yoga methods, such as the mantra and Dharoni used, Pure Land practice, a method aimed at rebirth of the Pure Land or buddhafield and visualization. Chinese Buddhism has developed its own methods, such as the reflection on the official case of Zen practice and the beginning of words. Similarly, esoteric Buddhism (also Mantrayana, Vajrayana) formulated and adopted the esoteric method, which is still the yoga system of Tibetan Buddhism, including the basic Naruo six dharma, ten phases of freedom, big handprint and great perfection.
Jain yoga
Main article: contemplation of Jainism
Jainism yoga has practiced Jainism in the central government. Jain spirituality is based on non-violence or strict code not to kill (including vegetarian), alms (alms), right faith in the three treasures, ascetic practices (snacks) such as fasting, and yoga practices. Jain Yoga aims to liberate and purify karma from power (soul) or soul (soul), and it holds all souls in the cycle of reincarnation. Like yoga and Shankia, Jainism believes that it must be caused by the diversity of individual souls of their respective karma. Only through the reduction of the influx of cause and effect and the exhaustion of one's popularity collection can the soul become purified and released, and the one who becomes omniscient is who has achieved "absolute knowledge" (exclusive thinking).
The early practice of Jain yoga seems to have been divided into several types, including meditation (Zen), karmyotsarga (body abandonment), anuprek meditation (meditation) and bhagna van reflection (reflex). Some of the earliest sources used in Jain yoga are Uttaryoga hyayana, the va yaka- Sutra, and the Sthananga Sutra (C. The second century BCE). Later works include Vladirassa-a "uvekkh" in Kunda Kunda (Twelve views, C. From the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD CE), Yogad stra isamuccya (8th century) and Yoga Badra Hemachandra (12th century). The later forms of Jain yoga passed through Hindu influences, such as from Patanjali's yoga ideas and later esoteric yoga (in Halipadra and Hemachandra's works respectively). Jainism has also developed to liberate the progressive path through yoga practice, expounding virtues called several levels of gunasthanas.
In this day and age, new forms of meditation in Jainism have also been developed. One of the most influential is the Mah Mah praj ñ a system in Acharya, which is eclectic, including the mantra used, breath control, handprints, bandhas, and so on.
On Yoga
Adi Shan Kara and his disciple, Rajaraviwama (1904). The study of Vedic scriptures and the master is the central theory of the wise yoga.
Vedanta is a rich tradition with many sub-schools and philosophical viewpoints. Vedanta focuses on the study of the Upanishads, its early literature, a Brahma scripture. With regard to yoga and meditation, the Brahma Sutra focuses on the acquired spiritual knowledge of the Brahmin, the constant absolute reality or self.
One of Vedanta's earliest and most influential sub-traditions is dualism, which refers to nondualistic monism. This tradition emphasizes wise yoga (knowledge yoga), which aims to realize the self-nature of human beings and the identity of Brahmin (absolute consciousness) (soul, individual consciousness). The most influential thinker at the school of was Adi Shankara (8th century), who wrote various reviews and taught original works of Wise Yoga. In dualism, knowledge reaches scripture (on the basis of sruti) and one's masters teach through (listening to deal with sravana), reflect on them (Morning Post), and finally meditate on these teachings (Nididhyanosana in order to realize his own truth). Equally important are the quality of development, such as viveka, abandonment, tranquillity, abstinence, calmness, endurance, confidence, attention and a desire for knowledge and freedom (a yearning for "mumuk freedom utva)." In the end, yoga is "withdrawn from a specific and identified with universal meditation practice, which leads to its own meditation as the most common, that is, consciousness".
From the perspective of nondualistic idealism, one of the influential words that teaches yoga is Yoga serval Immortals. The work uses a large number of short stories and anecdotes to illustrate its main point. It teaches level 7 bhumis yoga practice. This is the main reference for yoga scholars in the Middle Ages and before the 12th century, it was one of the most popular texts of yoga in India.
Another text that teaches yoga is Yoga Yagnya Verkya. This work contains 10 widely taught precepts (ethical rules) and 10 compliance (business), and eight asanas. It also discusses the theories of nadis and Plana (breath of life), and with breath adjustment instructions (breath control), pratyahara (sensory withdrawal), visualization in mantra meditation and following this Dalini.
Esoteric yoga
Main article: esoteric sect
Samuel said that esoteric Buddhism is a controversial concept. Mythical yoga can be described, according to Samuel, as in the 9th to 10th centuries Buddhist and Indian practices (lettuce, Shakti) texts, which include elaborate visual use of geometric arrays and drawings (yoga practice mantra), fierce male and especially female gods, related etiquette in the invading stages of life, the widely used chakras and mantras, as well as sexual techniques, are all designed to help a person's health, longevity, and liberation.
Hada Yoga
A pose used both as a pose and as a seal.
The following article will focus on: Hada Yoga
Hada Yoga, also known as Hadavidia, is a company specializing in physical and mental strength building activities and postural yoga, a description of the three main texts of Hinduism:
1. Hada Yoga Pradipika, Swat Malama (15th century)
two。 This collection of Shiva, whose author is unknown (1500 or late 17th century)
3. Gheranda this episode by Gheranda (late 17th century)
Many scholars will include Goraksha in this collection through Gracchant in the 11th century in this list. Gracchant is widely believed to have been responsible for promoting Hada Yoga as we know it today. 's other Hada yoga texts include the Hada Ratnavali of the Ha yoga bhyy sapaddhati, the JogaPradpik and the Sritattvanidhi.
Vajrayana Buddha, founded by India as the 84 Great Achievement, has a series of asanas and pranayamas, such as tummo (Vatican ca parallel Hada yoga) and True Hall parallel Hada Yoga.
Kundalini of Raya Yoga and Yoga
Both duck and kundahlini yoga are related to Hada yoga, but are often presented as independent methods.
According to George Stein, duck yoga (dissolved yoga or merging) "makes meditation absorb (Raya) and its focus. In Laya-yogis try to dissolve beyond all traces of memory and sensory experiences through microcosm, transcending self-consciousness. " There are various forms and techniques of Raja yoga, including listening to "internal sounds" (beach), practicing various Mudra imprints like Khechari knot and Shambhavi knot, and fingers evoking a mental energy technique in the body (kundahlini).
The practice of coiling energy around the awakening of the body sometimes deliberately calls kundalini yoga. It is based on the Indian theory of the delicate body and uses a variety of pranayamas (breathing techniques) and Mdra (body techniques) to awaken what is known as the energy kundahlini (coiled around one) or Shakti. In various Shaiva and Shakta yoga and esoteric traditions, yoga techniques or yuktis are used to unite Darini-Shakti, the power or energy of divine consciousness, with Shiva, universal consciousness. A common way to teach this method is to awaken the kundahlini to reside on the lowest wheel and guide it through the center channel at the highest wheel with an absolute awareness of unity (at the top of the head).