Can you avoid cancer with a shot of vaccine? Not so easy
Rumor has it that an injection of a cancer vaccine will immunize the truth. Vaccines against cancer may be available by 2030, and there are related preventive vaccines for cancer, that is, hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine that can prevent liver cancer (about 70% of liver cancer and hepatitis B virus related in China) and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine that can prevent cervical cancer (99% of cervical cancer and human papillomavirus related). They can only prevent a small number of subtypes of cancer. At present, almost all cancer vaccines in clinical trials are, these vaccines can help human immune cells accurately identify cancer cells, broad-spectrum cancer prevention vaccine is not realistic, its raw materials melamine and formaldehyde will seep into food and drink from tableware. It is a high molecular compound formed by the thermal curing of melamine and formaldehyde at high temperature. "using melamine formaldehyde resin as raw material to produce melamine tableware is a more mature process."
The latest issue of the Science rumors list reveals that sunscreen clothes are rumors that "IQ tax" toothpaste will produce "drug resistance" and other rumors on the list.
Can you avoid cancer with a shot of vaccine? Not so easy
Is melamine bowl a "life-killing bowl"? Is there really a vaccine that can protect against cancer with a single injection? Will a pregnant woman take a chest X-ray to make the baby deformed?. The latest issue of Science rumors has been unveiled, capturing all the hottest health rumors recently.
The monthly "Science" gossip list is guided by the Beijing Science and Technology Association, the Network Information Office of the Beijing Municipal CPC Committee, and the Capital Internet Association, and jointly released by the Beijing Science and Technology journalists' Association and the Beijing area website.
Rumor
Cancer vaccine can be immunized with an injection.
Truth: a vaccine against cancer could be available by 2030, according to the founder of a German biotechnology company. Is there any hope that humans can get rid of cancer with a single injection? This is a misreading.
Cancer vaccine is a "therapeutic vaccine", not the "preventive vaccine" such as hepatitis B and polio we were given when we were young. The vaccine that many people understand is the "preventive vaccine": when healthy people are vaccinated, they can prevent a certain disease. There are also related preventive vaccines for cancer, and there are currently two types, namely, hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine that can prevent liver cancer (about 70% of liver cancer and hepatitis B virus related in China) and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine that can prevent cervical cancer (99% of cervical cancer and human papillomavirus related). But strictly speaking, these two vaccines should be regarded as viral vaccines, not "cancer vaccines". They also prevent only a small number of subtypes of cancer.
At present, almost all cancer vaccines in clinical trials are "therapeutic vaccines", which can be divided into two categories, called "tumor specific antigen vaccine" and "tumor associated antigen vaccine". These vaccines can help human immune cells accurately identify cancer cells and play an anti-cancer role. Many of the "tumor therapeutic vaccines" are still in trials and are still a long way from going on the market.
A vaccine is often useful for only one pathogen. A broad-spectrum cancer prevention vaccine is impractical, because cancer is not a disease, but a general term for many diseases-everyone's cancer is actually different. So, the idea that you can't get any cancer with a straight shot is beautiful, but it's not realistic.
Rumor
Melamine bowl is a "life-killing bowl".
Truth: melamine tableware is very popular in many families with babies because of its lightweight and fall-proof. However, some parents are worried that melamine and formaldehyde will seep into food and beverages from tableware, thus affecting their health. With the exposure of some substandard melamine tableware, some people think that this is an out-and-out "life-killing bowl" and "poison plate".
Imitation porcelain tableware looks like ceramic, but the material is actually plastic. This kind of plastic used for tableware, the main raw material is high-purity melamine resin, also known as melamine formaldehyde resin, is a polymer compound formed by melamine and formaldehyde cured at high temperature.
At present, using melamine formaldehyde resin as raw material to produce melamine tableware is a more mature process. In normal use, melamine resin tableware produced in strict accordance with national standards and qualified in quality will hardly produce toxic, free melamine and formaldehyde monomers, so it will not harm the human body.
Judging from the sampling results of the regulatory authorities, the "life-killing bowls" that have aroused worries and questions in the market are all substandard products, mainly due to the poor control of parameters such as temperature, pressure and forming time in the production process of some small manufacturers. In addition, it is because the cost of melamine is relatively high, some illegal enterprises in the raw materials mixed with low prices, weak stability, easy to release formaldehyde urea-formaldehyde resin.
In addition, even qualified melamine imitation porcelain tableware should not be put into microwave ovens, ovens or high temperature disinfection, and corrosive liquids are not recommended to avoid producing toxic and harmful substances.
Rumor
Toothpaste can also produce "drug resistance"
Truth: there is a saying that using the same toothpaste for a long time can lead to drug resistance and requires frequent product changes. In fact, there is no problem of "drug resistance" in toothpaste.
At present, the toothpaste sold in the market is mainly divided into two types: ordinary toothpaste and functional toothpaste. The main function of ordinary toothpaste is cleaning, and its ingredients include friction agent, detergent, wetting agent and so on. Among them, friction agent accounts for 30%, 55%, and its function is mainly to grind the enamel with the help of the mechanical friction action of the toothbrush, remove the dental plaque and calculus attached to the tooth surface, and make the mouth clean and refreshing. At the same time, it can also play a certain role in whitening. Because it does not contain drugs, there is no problem of drug resistance in ordinary toothpaste.
Functional toothpaste is a kind of medicine or chemical preparation which adds certain functional ingredients on the basis of ordinary toothpaste, such as anti-caries, whitening, bacteriostasis and anti-inflammation. Compared with ordinary toothpaste, they have some special effects, but long-term use of the same functional toothpaste may also lead to some oral problems, such as: long-term use of toothpaste with peroxide-assisted whitening ingredients can easily cause enamel damage, expose dentin tubules, lead to tooth sensitivity, and so on. Therefore, the use of functional toothpaste can be changed regularly to avoid oral problems caused by excessive intake of added ingredients, but this has nothing to do with "drug resistance".
Rumor
The white cream on persimmons is a preservative
Truth: it's time to eat persimmon again. Some people think that the white cream on persimmon is a preservative and wash it off before eating it. In fact, the white frost on persimmon is a naturally formed frosting in the process of persimmon making, which is safe and harmless.
The harvested persimmons are peeled and dried. During the drying process, the water inside the persimmons seeps into the fruit surface with sugar. When the water evaporates, the sugar crystals accumulate on the surface to form white frost. The main ingredient of this white cream is glucose, which is a less sweet sugar, which is lower than fructose, so it doesn't taste very sweet.
The amount of white frost depends on the sugar content of persimmons, the temperature and humidity of drying, and different production processes. As the temperature rises, this layer of frost may also melt because of the high temperature and become less and less.
Rumor
Sunscreen clothing is an "IQ tax"
Truth: ordinary clothes can also protect against ultraviolet rays, so do you need special sunscreen clothing?
According to the provisions of the national standard GB/T 18830-2009 "Evaluation of UV Protection performance of Textiles", UV protection textiles must reach UPF (UV protection coefficient) > 40 and UVA transmittance < 5% before they can be called UV protection products, so qualified and standard sunscreen is not an "IQ tax".
The clothing fabrics that people wear every day do have a certain anti-UV function. When ultraviolet rays shine on the surface of clothing, there will be reflection, scattering, absorption, penetration and other phenomena, so that the damage to the surface of human skin becomes smaller. The anti-ultraviolet effect of the fabric is closely related to the fiber material, the compactness of the woven structure, the thickness of the fabric, the color and so on. For example, the anti-UV effect of cotton and silk in natural fiber is general, wool is slightly better, flax is the best, and polyester (also known as polyester fiber) is the best in chemical fiber. The higher the compactness, the thicker the weaving structure and the lower the porosity of the fabric, the better the anti-UV effect is.
However, the protective effect of daily clothing against ultraviolet radiation is limited. If we are exposed to outdoor scenes with strong sunlight for a long time, we need sunscreen clothing with high UV protection. By improving the ability to reflect, scatter or absorb UV, they reduce the amount of UV that passes through the fabric and reaches the surface of the skin.
Rumor
Taking chest X-rays of pregnant women will cause deformities of the baby.
Truth: mothers-to-be will inevitably worry that radiation from computers, mobile phones, WiFi and subway security devices will lead to baby deformities and avoid taking chest X-rays. In fact, such worries are superfluous.
There are two kinds of radiation: one is non-ionizing radiation. We often say that computers, mobile phones, televisions, microwave ovens, WiFi, radios, ovens and so on are non-ionizing radiation. According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, exposure to non-ionizing radiation magnetic fields in the normal environment will not increase the risk of birth defects such as miscarriage, fetal malformation, fetal growth retardation and stillbirth, so non-ionizing radiation is safe.
Another kind of radiation is ionizing radiation, which is most often exposed to by pregnant mothers, such as X-ray, CT and so on. Generally speaking, the risk of adverse fetal outcome depends on the gestational age and dose of fetal exposure. Generally speaking, when the radiation dose is lower than 50mGy (milligram), it will not cause adverse effects on the fetus. Only large doses of exposure, greater than 1000mGy (milligram), can lead to embryo death, and radiation doses greater than 610mGy may cause postnatal mental retardation. Generally speaking, the radiation dose of diagnostic imaging examination commonly used in clinic is much lower than the safe dose. Among them, the commonly used fetal radiation exposure dose of chest X-ray and chest CT is 0.0005-0.001mGy (milligram), so diagnostic imaging examination during pregnancy is safe.
Rumor
The color of sunglasses has nothing to do with function.
Truth: are sunlenses of all colors just fashion embellishments on the market? otherwise. Sunglasses have different functions with different colors. Knowing the secret of the color of sunglasses will make the wearer better protect his eyes.
Brown lenses can filter out a lot of blue light, improve visual contrast and clarity, and are suitable for wearing in situations of serious air pollution or foggy. The brown lens not only reduces the brightness, but also minimizes the color distortion of the object, and can slightly reduce the halo of blue light, make the image clearer, and provide glare protection. The brown lenses can block the reflected light from the smooth and bright surface, so that people can still see the details even if they are wearing sunglasses, which is an ideal choice for drivers.
The gray lens filters almost the same amount of sunlight and can fully absorb infrared and 98% ultraviolet light. Its biggest advantage is that it will not change the original color of the scene because of the lens, and it can effectively reduce the light intensity.
Green lenses can also effectively absorb infrared and 99% ultraviolet light. However, the green lens also blocks the cyan and red in the light, causing the color of the scene to change sometimes after passing through the green lens, and its light blocking effect is slightly lower than that of the gray lens.
Red lenses can filter 95% of ultraviolet rays and some short wavelengths of visible light. It is recommended to use them in changeable weather.
The yellow lens absorbs 100% ultraviolet light and allows infrared light and 83% visible light to penetrate the lens. The most important feature of yellow lens is that it absorbs most of the blue light, which can make the scenery of nature clearer, so it is often used as a "filter" for light in the early morning, dusk or rainy days.
Laser lenses are suitable for beaches, snow or ships and other sunny, reflective environment.
Rumor
Eating crabs can lead to miscarriage.
Truth: mothers-to-be are often asked to avoid certain foods during pregnancy. For example, can not eat crabs, ice cream, will lead to miscarriage or dystocia, can not drink coffee, will lead to miscarriage or fetal deformity. But these "quack rumors" are somewhat exaggerated.
Pregnant women who are not allergic to seafood can eat crabs after they are fully cooked. Crab meat is high in protein and low in fat, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, DHA and trace elements, and is recommended by FDA as one of the best ingredients for pregnancy after fish. If you have never dabbled in crab delicacy before pregnancy, do not try it for the first time during pregnancy, otherwise allergies can cause miscarriage, premature delivery and even life-threatening.
It is allowed to eat an ice cream once in a while during pregnancy. But first of all, we should pay attention to the right amount, and then choose ice cream that meets the hygiene standards, and avoid repeated freezing and thawing. If the ice cream bacteria exceed the standard, it will cause severe diarrhea and miscarriage, and if it is unfortunately infected with Listeria monocytogenes, it can cause bacteremia and even meningitis, even at the cost of life.
You can also drink coffee during pregnancy, but the principle is not to overdo it. Generally speaking, after pregnancy, as long as the total amount of caffeine consumed every day does not exceed 200mg, there will be no adverse consequences. A medium (345ml) American coffee with 150mg caffeine content.
(Li Jie / reporter)
Source: Beijing Youth Daily