How do people with chronic diseases deal with COVID-19 infection?
① (1) elderly people over 60 years old (especially over 80 years old) (2) patients with basic diseases (3) people without vaccination during the epidemic of COVID-19, patients with basic diseases should do a good job in scientific epidemic prevention and health management at home. Patients with cardiovascular disease should pay attention to monitoring vital signs, taking drugs regularly and so on. 1. Monitoring pulse and blood pressure the vital signs of patients with cardiovascular disease at home are pulse and blood pressure. 2. Patients with cardiovascular disease are not allowed to stop using the original cardiovascular drugs at home during the period of regular medication. Patients with long-term oral administration of sartan or prednisone do not need to stop the drug. 3. Choose the time for medical treatment if there are no special circumstances for patients with chronic diseases, adjust the dose of antihypertensive drugs under the guidance of the doctor if necessary. Patients with obvious symptoms such as dizziness, headache or even syncope should see a doctor in time, and the symptoms can not be relieved after quiet rest and sublingual nitroglycerin tablets for more than 10 minutes.
There are three types of people who are at high risk after being infected with novel coronavirus.
On November 29th, at the press conference of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council, Guo Yanhong, director of the Medical Emergency Department of the National Health Commission, introduced that from COVID-19 's clinical medical treatment practice, there are three types of people with severe tendency: ①.
(1) people over the age of 60 (especially over the age of 80)
(2) patients with underlying diseases
(3) unvaccinated population
During the COVID-19 epidemic, patients with underlying diseases should do a good job in scientific epidemic prevention and health management at home. In addition to routine coping measures such as wearing masks, washing hands frequently, and gathering less, what should chronic patients pay attention to at home?
Patients with cardiovascular disease
Zeng Mengying, a doctor in the department of cardiovascular medicine at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, said in the official account of the hospital that patients with cardiovascular disease should pay attention to monitoring vital signs and taking drugs regularly.
1. Monitor pulse and blood pressure
The vital signs of patients with cardiovascular disease at home are pulse and blood pressure, which can be obtained simultaneously by electronic sphygmomanometer. The normal number of pulses is between 60 and 100 beats per minute. If you go beyond this range or the pulse is obviously irregular, you need to pay attention to it. No palpitation and other uncomfortable symptoms or beyond the scope is not obvious, but do not rush to see a doctor, record the data and let the doctor know when you return to see the doctor next time.
For hypertensive patients with poor blood pressure control, it is recommended to standardize the measurement of blood pressure in the morning and evening and record it. Before each outpatient visit, it can be monitored continuously for at least 7 days. If blood pressure and heart rate are within the normal range, daily monitoring is not required.
2. Take medicine regularly
Patients with cardiovascular disease are not allowed to stop using the original drugs for cardiovascular disease at home. Patients with long-term oral administration of sartan or prednisone do not need to stop the drug.
3. Choose the time to see a doctor.
If patients with chronic diseases have no special circumstances, they can rest and recuperate at home as directed by the doctor, pick up medicine from the nearest community medical institution, and minimize the frequency of going to the hospital during the epidemic. In case of the following emergencies, you should go to the nearest emergency or dial 120:
(1) elevated or fluctuated blood pressure in patients with hypertension. If there are no obvious symptoms, you can still observe at home, pay attention to maintain emotional stability and reduce salt intake. Adjust the dose of antihypertensive drugs under the guidance of the doctor if necessary. When patients have obvious symptoms such as dizziness, headache or even syncope, they should see a doctor in time.
(2) paroxysmal chest pain can not be relieved after quiet rest and sublingual nitroglycerin tablets for more than 10 minutes.
(3) chest tightness, shortness of breath, shortness of breath, obvious aggravation of edema, even waking up at night or unable to lie flat.
(4) sudden manifestations of acute cerebrovascular diseases such as unclear speech, skewed quarrel and dyskinesia of limbs.
(5) Digestive tract bleeding occurred in patients treated with oral antiplatelet drugs or anticoagulants.
In addition, maintain good living habits. Open windows frequently, ventilate more, pay attention to weather changes, avoid colds, ensure a healthy diet (low-salt and low-fat balanced nutrition), adhere to appropriate exercise (simple, easy, safe and effective), improve immunity, maintain a happy mood, control bad emotions, and avoid cardiovascular events. two
Tumor patients
The team of oncologists at Peking Union Medical College Hospital said in an article on the official account of the hospital that tumor patients themselves belong to groups with abnormal immunity, such as receiving antineoplastic drugs (chemotherapy, targeting or immunotherapy), are more likely to have low immune function, and are more prone to infection than normal healthy people, so it is very important to prevent infection.
1. Regular reexamination of blood routine
Most tumor patients will have myelosuppression after chemotherapy, and the most common is the decrease of white blood cells and neutrophils, resulting in a decrease in the body's ability to resist infection, so blood routine tests must be reviewed regularly. Once a significant decrease in white blood cells and neutrophils is found, neutrophil colony-stimulating factor should be used in a timely manner to reduce the risk of infection.
During the epidemic, it is recommended to take more active preventive treatment to reduce the risk of infection caused by neutropenia.
2. Develop good hygiene habits
Hand washing in strict accordance with the seven-step method can effectively prevent infection. Do not touch your nose, eyes or mouth frequently to avoid contact with patients with infectious or acute respiratory diseases (fever, cough, sneezing, sore throat).
Wear N95 masks when going out and go to places where crowds gather as little as possible. Try to avoid contact with animals. Patients' homes are windowed and ventilated twice a day, and commonly used articles are disinfected with alcohol with a concentration of more than 75%.
3. Monitor the health status regularly.
Anti-tumor therapy may have adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation and elevated blood pressure according to the drugs used, which can allow the competent doctor to prescribe corresponding symptomatic treatment drugs to reduce the risk and inconvenience caused by repeated medical treatment.
At the same time, for patients who are undergoing antineoplastic drug therapy, it is recommended to prepare electronic sphygmomanometer, finger clip oximeter and other common small instruments at home to facilitate their own health monitoring.
4. "Yang" suggests to treat virus infection first.
Because the active stage of infection itself is a contraindication to anticancer therapy, if tumor patients are unfortunately infected with COVID-19, it is recommended to treat viral infection first and wait for nucleic acid negative before continuing anti-tumor therapy.
If there are symptoms such as fever, you should pay attention to rest, drink more water, use some antipyretic and analgesic drugs, and strengthen nutritional intake and immunity at the same time. If the symptoms do not improve after treatment, and have dyspnea and shortness of breath, and the body temperature exceeds 38.5 ℃ for more than 3 days, contact your doctor.
In addition, some cancer patients need to prescribe long-term chronic disease drugs, and when their condition is stable, they can use Internet medical care or entrust community volunteers to help buy drugs.
5. the time for tumor reexamination is up, and some can be delayed appropriately.
The purpose of tumor reexamination is to evaluate the efficacy of treatment or to understand the current condition. Among them, the effect of treatment is generally evaluated once every 2-3 months, if the patient's symptoms are stable, the re-evaluation can be postponed by 1 cycle; if the symptoms are aggravated, timely evaluation is recommended.
During the evaluation, pay attention to avoid the flow of people, wear a good mask, you can choose the Internet to open examination items, as far as possible to complete blood tests and imaging examinations in the outpatient clinic, in order to reduce unnecessary cross-infection.
When tumor patients are regularly evaluated during rest, they are generally given every 3-6 months in the first 2 years after treatment and every 6-12 months from the third year. Because the scheduled time interval itself is very long, the postponement of a period of time will not affect. three
Of course, everyone's situation is different, if there is an emergency, it is necessary to communicate with the doctor in time.
Patients with respiratory diseases
Xu Kaifeng, deputy director of the Department of Respiratory and critical Care Medicine at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, said in an article published on the hospital's official account that patients with chronic respiratory diseases need to do a good job in dealing with the COVID-19 epidemic.
1. Vaccinate against influenza and pneumonia
Vaccination can significantly reduce the incidence of severe illness after infection with COVID-19. At the same time, patients with chronic respiratory diseases (such as COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis and fibrotic lung diseases) need to be vaccinated with influenza virus vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine in addition to COVID-19 vaccine.
2. Adhere to regular treatment
Some patients with COPD take irregular medication and find it difficult to quit smoking, which is extremely disadvantageous to the chronic disease itself and to the defense of novel coronavirus. It is suggested that patients should see a doctor regularly, treat regularly, quit smoking, pay attention to exercise and rehabilitation, maintain a good state of mind, and control the disease to the best state.
If there are other basic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, etc., the relevant indicators should also be kept at a normal level.
3. the treatment of the disease is uninterrupted.
In general, the daily treatment plan of patients with chronic diseases does not need to be changed, and stopping treatment has the risk of aggravating the underlying diseases. Consult a professional doctor if you have questions about the treatment. If COVID-19 is diagnosed and hospitalized, it is necessary to bring the usual treatment drugs well and enough.
4. Standing family medical supplies
For patients with chronic respiratory diseases, it is recommended to prepare some medical-related items at home, such as oxygen meter (used to monitor blood oxygen saturation), thermometer and sphygmomanometer, etc.; it is recommended to prepare more commonly used drugs so as not to be cut off due to untimely medical treatment. If there is hypoxia, it is necessary to prepare an oxygen machine to meet the needs of oxygen therapy. four
Patients with nephropathy
Chen Gang, deputy chief physician of the Department of Nephrology at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, said in an article on the hospital's official account that patients with chronic kidney disease need to be "stable and fast" if they want to get through Omicron's winter safely.
1. Adhere to the follow-up
The symptoms of chronic kidney disease should be stable. In other words, try your best to see a doctor as much as you can. Patients with kidney disease can not avoid regular reexamination and drug adjustment, according to the daily follow-up rhythm, which is conducive to the stability of renal function for a long time.
2. you can choose to see a doctor online.
In the past three years, major hospitals have established a large number of online diagnosis and treatment and telemedicine systems. Even if you can't come to the offline clinic for a while, try to keep in touch with your doctor online. Even if you can't get to the original hospital, you still need to find the nearest hospital to complete the test.
3. Don't blindly believe in folk prescriptions
If you can not easily obtain the same brand of prescription drugs, you need to find the best local alternatives under the guidance of your doctor. Do not choose folk prescription, to avoid nephrotoxic drugs.
Where there are no contraindications, vaccinations and enhanced injections need to be considered. five
Source: health Times