Diabetes is so common, do you really know it?
It calls for the health management of the whole life cycle of all patients with diabetes and the prevention and education for the high-risk groups of diabetes. Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders such as carbohydrate, fat and protein caused by defects in insulin secretion and action, and metabolic diseases characterized by long-term hyperglycemia. There is no inevitable link between sugar consumption and diabetes. By increasing the risk of metabolic diseases, the risk of diabetes is significantly higher than that of people who eat a healthy diet. People with a family history are more likely to develop diabetes than those without a family history. Every year, 5% to 10% of prediabetic patients in our country will progress to diabetes, which can delay or greatly reduce the incidence of diabetes, is there bound to be complications when getting diabetes, and is exercise beneficial to controlling blood sugar and reducing complications? patients with diabetes should consult a specialist on how to exercise, and patients with complications should follow the doctor's advice for lifestyle intervention.
2021.11.14
United Nations Diabetes Day
November 14 is the United Nations Diabetes Day, and this year's theme is "Health Management of Diabetes for all", calling for life-cycle health management for all diabetics and prevention education for people at high risk of diabetes.
Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases caused by deficiencies in insulin secretion and action, such as carbohydrate, fat, protein and long-term hyperglycemia.
Although diabetes is common, there are still many misunderstandings about diabetes. Today, we invite authoritative experts from the National Geriatrics Center of Beijing Hospital to answer questions.
National Geriatric Center of Beijing Hospital
Director of Endocrinology Department
Guo Lixin
Is eating sugar related to diabetes?
A: people often say, "Don't eat too much sugar, be careful with diabetes." In fact, there is no scientific basis for this statement. There is no inevitable link between sugar consumption and diabetes, but long-term intake of sugary foods or sugary drinks will lead to overweight, obesity and increase the risk of metabolic diseases.
Diabetes and obesity and overweight have a certain correlation, long-term intake of too much sugar, the probability of diabetes will be significantly higher than the healthy diet, so it is necessary to eat sugar to a certain extent.
Parents or family members have diabetes, does the child have to have diabetes?
A: under the same conditions, people with a family history are more likely to develop diabetes than those without a family history, but that doesn't mean they will definitely have diabetes. In addition to genetic factors, 5% to 10% of prediabetic patients in China develop diabetes every year. If they can eat healthily during the potential risk period, strengthen exercise, and carry out correct and scientific intervention through a healthy lifestyle, they can delay or greatly reduce the incidence of diabetes.
Is there bound to be complications if you get diabetes?
A: for patients who already have diabetes, they should have a reasonable diet, cooperate with scientific exercise, manage blood sugar according to the doctor's advice, pay attention to blood lipids and blood pressure, control a variety of metabolic abnormalities, and reduce various risk indicators to the normal level. can delay or greatly reduce the occurrence of complications.
What do people with potential risk of diabetes need to pay attention to in their daily life?
Answer: 1) fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin are tested at least once a year from the age of 40.
2) try to avoid bad habits such as heavy oil, heavy salt, heavy sugar and so on.
3) pay attention to exercise and do at least 150 minutes of intensive exercise a week.
4) body mass index (BMI) should be controlled at or below 24.
5) avoid excessive mental stress and keep a good mood.
6) avoid staying up late and get enough sleep.
7) quit smoking and limit alcohol.
Is exercise good for controlling blood sugar and reducing complications?
A: exercise is conducive to the improvement of health and the control of blood sugar, but not all patients can benefit from exercise in any state. Patients with diabetes should consult a specialist on how to exercise, and evaluate cardiopulmonary function, exercise ability and exercise risk before starting exercise. Patients with complications should follow the doctor's advice for lifestyle intervention. Some patients should not exercise in the severe stage of complications, such as acute retinal hemorrhage, retinal detachment, frequent hypoglycemia, severe fluctuation of blood glucose, diabetic foot with severe infection, severe cardiopulmonary disease, end-stage renal insufficiency, acute cerebrovascular disease and so on.
For most people with diabetes, exercise helps to improve the body's ability to resist disease and help better control blood sugar. During and after exercise, we should guard against exercise-related hypoglycemia, especially delayed hypoglycemia after exercise. Exercise should be based on aerobic exercise, combined with resistance exercise (increasing muscle volume and muscle strength) and balance training according to the situation. According to the situation, choose the exercise you can adhere to, step by step and persevere. Attention should be paid to avoid sports injuries.
National Geriatric Center of Beijing Hospital
Deputy Director of Endocrinology
Pan Qi
Why should we be on guard against "pre-sugar"?
Answer: what we often say "pre-glucose" refers to an intermediate state between diabetes and normal people. usually these people already have some manifestations of diabetes (the patients themselves may not be aware of it) or clinical examination of impaired glucose tolerance (fasting or postprandial), but they have not yet reached the standards of diabetes and are often ignored.
Pre-sugar is easy to appear reactive hypoglycemia, such as some people to the meal, did not eat, there will be obvious palpitations, hand trembling dizziness, when eating a piece of candy can be relieved immediately. This shows that there is a big fluctuation in blood sugar, so we should be vigilant. However, to make a diagnosis, it is recommended to go to the hospital to do glucose tolerance test (OGTT test), which is the most accurate method. If the screening result is prediabetes, it is recommended to screen once a year.
Which people belong to the high-risk group of diabetes?
A: 1) there have been impaired glucose tolerance in the past, that is, there has been high blood sugar in history, such as a cold or emotional agitation under stress, resulting in high blood sugar.
2) Age ≥ 40 years old
3) body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 and / or central obesity (≥ 90cm for men, ≥ 85cm for women)
4) if you have a family history of diabetes, if your first-degree relatives, that is, your parents have diabetes, then you are a high-risk group and are very likely to suffer from the disease.
5) Women with a history of macrosomia or gestational diabetes mellitus
6) Metabolic diseases such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and macrovascular diseases
7) History of steroid use; long-term treatment with antipsychotics or antidepressants.
What does daily blood glucose monitoring need to pay attention to?
A: daily blood glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes is very important, and there are several time points to pay special attention to:
1) fasting blood glucose: refers to the blood sugar value detected by blood collected before breakfast after overnight fasting (no food except drinking water for at least 8 to 10 hours), which is the most commonly used indicator of diabetes.
2) preprandial blood glucose: the blood sugar measured before eating. This blood glucose value is the basis and the reference index of medication strategy.
3) postprandial blood glucose: generally refers to the blood glucose measured 2 hours after breakfast, lunch and dinner. Postprandial blood glucose represents the blood glucose level after glucose load. Compared with preprandial blood glucose, the greater the fluctuation of blood glucose, the greater the harm, and it is more likely to be associated with macrovascular complications.
4) Random blood sugar: blood sugar measured at any time of the day.
The ideal blood glucose monitoring should be the determination of blood glucose spectrum throughout the day, according to the situation, we can adopt 5-point method (fasting + 2 hours after three meals + before going to bed) or 7-point method (before three meals + 2 hours after three meals + before sleep or at night).
Article: Guo Lixin, Director of Endocrinology, National Geriatric Medical Center, Beijing Hospital, Deputy Director Pan Qi.
Source: health News