The prevention and control of chronic diseases in China is still facing great challenges.

Guangming Daily reporter Yuan Yufei's nutrition and chronic disease status are important indicators reflecting the country's economic and social development, health care level and population health quality. Can the nutritional and health status of Chinese residents keep up? Zhao Wenhua, chief expert in nutrition at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, interpreted in detail the report on Nutrition and chronic Diseases of Chinese residents (2020). However, the report on Nutrition and chronic Diseases of Chinese residents (2020) is still widespread in unhealthy lifestyles. The results show that positive progress has been made in nutrition improvement and prevention and control of chronic diseases in China. The continuous improvement of the nutritional status of Chinese residents is mainly reflected in three aspects: in particular, the growth retardation of rural children has been fundamentally improved, and third, micronutrient deficiency has also been continuously improved. The problem that children and adolescents often drink sugary drinks has been highlighted, and the problem of overweight and obesity among residents has become increasingly prominent.

Yuan Yufei, reporter of Guangming Daily

The nutrition and chronic disease status of residents are important indicators to reflect the national economic and social development, the level of health care and the health quality of the population. Can the nutritional and health status of Chinese residents keep up? How about chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes?

On December 23, Li Bin, vice minister of the National Health Commission, Chang Jile, director of the Disease Prevention and Control Bureau of the National Health Commission, and he Jie, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the National Cancer Center. Zhao Wenhua, chief expert in nutrition of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, interpreted in detail the report on Nutrition and chronic Diseases of Chinese residents (2020), and gave some scientific suggestions to the public on how to live a healthy life.

The nutritional status of residents continues to improve, but unhealthy lifestyles are still widespread.

The results of the report on Nutrition and chronic Diseases of Chinese residents (2020) show that positive progress and remarkable achievements have been made in nutrition improvement and chronic disease prevention and control in China in recent years.

According to Li Bin, the continuous improvement in the nutritional status of Chinese residents is mainly reflected in three aspects: the average height of a resident continues to grow. The average height of men and women aged 18 and 44 in China is 169.7 cm and 158cm respectively, an increase of 1.2cm and 0.8cm respectively compared with 2015. The average height of boys and girls at the age of 17 increased by 1.6 cm and 1 cm respectively; second, the problem of undernutrition continued to improve. The rate of growth retardation of children under 6 years old has dropped to less than 7%, and the rate of low body weight has dropped to less than 5%. In particular, the problem of growth retardation of children under 6 years of age in China has been fundamentally improved. the growth retardation rate of children under 6 years old in rural areas dropped from 11.3% in 2015 to 5.8%. The rate of growth retardation among 17-year-old children and adolescents dropped from 4.7% to 2.2%. Third, micronutrient deficiency in the population has also been continuously improved. Take anemia as an example. The monitoring results of this report show that the anemia rate of residents aged 18 and above in China is 8.7%, the anemia rate of children and adolescents aged 17 years old is 6.1%, and the anemia rate of pregnant women is 13.6%, which is significantly lower than the results released in 2015.

"however, unhealthy lifestyles are still widespread among residents, and the prevention and control of chronic diseases still face great challenges." Li Bin said that the per capita daily consumption of salt and oil in cooking in China is still much higher than the recommended value, while the consumption of fruits, beans and soy products and milk is insufficient. The problem of children and adolescents regularly drinking sugary drinks has become prominent, and the smoking rate of people over the age of 15 is more than 1/4. And the problem of overweight and obesity has become increasingly prominent. More than half of the adult residents are overweight or obese. The overweight and obesity rates of children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years old and under 6 years old have reached 19% and 10.4% respectively. The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer have increased compared with 2015. In 2019, deaths caused by chronic diseases accounted for 88.5% of the total deaths, and the proportion of deaths from central cerebrovascular diseases, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases was 80.7%. Prevention and control work is still facing great challenges.

The report shows that the incidence of cancer in China is still on the rise. "Cancer prevention and control needs to promote cancer screening, early diagnosis and early treatment." Professor he Jie, director of the National Cancer Center and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "the number of people covered by cancer screening, early diagnosis and early treatment in our country is still relatively small, and the public's awareness of taking the initiative to participate in cancer prevention physical examination is not strong enough. Most patients are already in the middle and advanced stage when they find cancer, so its therapeutic effect is relatively poor. In addition, the level of clinical standardized diagnosis and treatment and homogenization needs to be further improved. If you want to improve the survival rate of cancer, prevention and early diagnosis and early treatment are key. "

Adult residents are overweight and obese by more than 50%, and the general increase in static life time is the direct cause.

Zhao Wenhua, chief expert in nutrition at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said: there are three kinds of malnutrition, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency are already well known, and the third form of malnutrition is overweight and obesity.

"overweight and obesity are also important risk factors for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and a variety of cancers. The results of this round of monitoring show that more than 50% of China's adult residents are overweight and obese, and nearly 20% of children and adolescents under the age of 6 years old reach 10%. Therefore, the current situation of overweight and obesity can be described by the rapid rise of overweight and obesity, the high epidemic level and the impact of the whole population. " Introduced by Zhao Wenhua.

Zhao Wenhua said: "the impact of an unhealthy lifestyle on the occurrence of overweight and obesity is enormous. On the one hand, the dietary structure of Chinese residents is unreasonable, the energy supply ratio of fat continues to increase, the food with high oil, high sugar, high energy density and low nutrient density is consumed more, the intake of vegetables, fruits, beans and bean products is insufficient, the staple food is refined, and so on. lead to an increase in individual energy intake. On the other hand, the degree of professional labor of people of all ages is generally reduced, travel is becoming more and more convenient, and the popularity of electronic products has led to a general increase in the static life time of residents, which is the direct cause of overweight and obesity. "

How to solve the problem of overweight and obesity? Zhao Wenhua said that it is necessary to improve the environment for diet and food supply, such as promoting healthy canteens and healthy restaurants, encouraging food enterprises to produce low-oil and low-sugar foods, choosing nutritious foods for residents, and achieving reasonable diets. Provide more support. It is necessary to improve the supporting environment for promoting people's physical activities, strengthen the construction of sidewalks, bicycle paths, and healthy trails, and encourage green travel. Increase the construction of physical activity facilities such as sports, fitness, entertainment places and parks, and open them to the public.

Zhao Wenhua said: "it needs to be emphasized that the control of overweight and obesity must give priority to prevention, throughout the whole life cycle, starting from female pregnancy preparation, mother's pregnancy, and from childhood and adolescence."

Reasonable diet and more exercise are the key to a healthy life.

How to live a healthy life? Chang Jile, director of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, said that first of all, we should have a reasonable diet. We eat every meal every day, how to eat more scientific, more reasonable, more nutritious, there are special dietary guidelines. The simplest thing is to eat at least 12 kinds of food every day, including staple foods, non-staple foods, fruits, nuts, etc., no less than 25 kinds per week.

"secondly, we should exercise more. At present, monitoring has found that there is an obvious lack of physical activity, especially among young people. Exercise does not mean that you have to find out the whole time, you don't have to schedule a certain amount of time, you can squeeze out the scattered time to do some exercise, exercise more than 150 minutes a week, or more than 30 minutes three times a week. "

"We also need to learn to decompress psychologically." Chang Jile said, for example, after work, you can put down your cell phone, turn off your computer, and have more face-to-face communication, including with colleagues, family members, and children. Face-to-face communication is very effective in reducing psychological stress.

"over the age of 40, you should pay more attention to the physiological indicators of your chronic diseases. Chronic diseases and cancer should be detected and treated early, and treatment should be standardized. For some chronic diseases, taking medicine on and off is very harmful. For example, hypertension and diabetes must take medicine regularly and regularly every day, so that blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids can be stabilized to normal levels, which will do little harm to health. " Chang Jile said.

Guangming Daily (page 08, December 29, 2020)

Source: Guangming Network-Guangming Daily