What are the chronic diseases you talk about every day? How to prevent it?
What is chronic disease? the full name of chronic disease is chronic non-communicable disease, and there is no exact evidence of infectious biological etiology. Chronic diseases mainly refer to a group of diseases represented by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, etc.), diabetes, malignant tumors, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (chronic tracheitis, emphysema, etc.), mental disorders and mental illness. It has the characteristics of long course of disease, complex etiology, health damage and serious social harm. The resulting disease burden has accounted for 70% of the total disease burden, common chronic diseases 1, respiratory system: chronic obstructive emphysema, asthma, chronic cor pulmonale, chronic respiratory failure, silicosis, pulmonary fibrosis; chronic heart failure, coronary heart disease, congenital heart disease, hypertension, cardiac valvular disease, chronic infective endocarditis, myocardial disease, chronic pericarditis Chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, intestinal tuberculosis, chronic enteritis, chronic diarrhea, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, chronic pancreatitis, chronic cholecystitis
What is a chronic disease?
Chronic disease is a chronic non-communicable disease.It does not refer to a particular disease, but a general term for a class of diseases that are hidden, the course of the disease is long and the disease does not heal, lack of exact evidence of infectious biological etiology, the etiology is complex, and some diseases that have not yet been fully identified. Chronic diseases mainly refer to a group of diseases represented by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, etc.), diabetes, malignant tumors, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (chronic tracheitis, emphysema, etc.), mental disorders and mental illness. It has the characteristics of long course, complex etiology, serious health damage and serious social harm. The death caused by chronic diseases has accounted for 85% of the total deaths in our country, and the disease burden has accounted for 70% of the total disease burden, which is an important cause of poverty and return to poverty due to disease. If it is not timely and effectively controlled, it will bring serious social and economic problems.
Common chronic diseases
1 、Respiratory system: chronic obstructive emphysema, asthma, chronic cor pulmonale, chronic respiratory failure, silicosis, pulmonary fibrosis
Circulatory system: chronic heart failure, coronary heart disease, congenital heart disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, chronic infective endocarditis, myocardial disease, chronic pericarditis
3. Digestive system: chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, intestinal tuberculosis, chronic enteritis, chronic diarrhea, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, chronic pancreatitis, chronic cholecystitis
4. Urinary system: chronic nephritis, chronic renal failure, chronic inflammation of urinary system
5. Blood system: chronic anemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphoma
6. Endocrine system: chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism
7. Metabolism and nutrition: diabetes, nutritional deficiency, gout, osteoporosis
8. Metabolic diseases: diabetes
9. Rheumatic diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis (severe)
10. Neurological diseases: cerebrovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, tremor paralysis, motor neuron disease, myasthenia gravis
11. Mental illness: schizophrenia
Others: tuberculosis, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, chronic osteomyelitis.
The characteristics of chronic diseases
1. Slow onset and long incubation period
2. the course of the disease is prolonged and lasts for a long time.
3. Difficult to cure and prone to complications
4. Variability and stages
5. Need long-term medical and nursing guidance
Classification of chronic diseases
1. Fatal chronic diseases include all kinds of cancer, AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, bone marrow failure, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and so on.
2. The main life-threatening chronic diseases are hemophilia, emphysema, hypertension, senile dementia, diabetes, scleroderma, chronic alcoholism, erythematous wolf warehouse, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, chronic renal failure, malignant anemia, aplastic anemia and other diseases.
3. Non-fatal chronic diseases include gout, Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, cholelithiasis, bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, chronic bronchitis, congenital malformations, hypoxic sequelae, glaucoma, trauma or burn sequelae.
Effective methods for prevention of chronic diseases
1. Promoting a healthy and balanced diet and banning smoking and alcohol are the so-called "diseases coming in from the mouth". Many diseases are eaten. In the prevention of chronic diseases, we should pay attention to a healthy and balanced diet, limit the intake of too much fat, irritation and salt, and eat more fruits and vegetables; smoking can significantly increase the incidence of malignant tumors, respiratory diseases, stroke and other diseases, which is tantamount to chronic suicide. Excessive drinking can lead to the risk of chronic diseases such as acute alcoholism, acute and chronic hepatitis, hypertension and so on.
2. live a regular life, reduce stress and relax yourself.
Live a regular life and don't stay up all night. In addition, bad mood, work pressure, economic pressure, ideological burden and other pressures will cause the body to be unable to bear the pressure, and diseases will follow, so it is necessary to adjust and relax yourself in a timely manner, such as going to the suburbs to play, listen to light music, practice yoga and other suitable relaxation ways, adjust the state of mind, in order to deal with the occurrence of various diseases.
3. Exercise appropriately to improve self-immunity
Proper physical exercise can strengthen the physique, improve self-immunity, lose weight and maintain normal weight. Jogging, brisk walking, swimming, cycling, mountain climbing and other forms of physical activities can be used, each activity, generally 30 to 60 minutes, the intensity varies from person to person.
4. Special examination for early prevention of cancer
Chronic diseases have the characteristics of long course of disease, complex etiology, health damage and serious social harm. There are almost no symptoms in the early stage of chronic diseases, and it is difficult to detect some patients at the initial stage. Once detected, most of them are in the middle and late stages. This brings a difficulty to the early control of chronic diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out special examination of early chronic diseases.