The so-called "four high" corresponds to four chronic diseases, trapping many middle-aged and elderly people.
Hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and hyperuric acid, and blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipids, uric acid are used to measure the basic indicators of these four chronic diseases. It can be understood simply as the pressure of blood on the blood vessel wall, which is a direct index used to measure hypertension. Blood pressure is also divided into arterial pressure, venous pressure and capillary pressure, people often say blood pressure generally refers to arterial blood pressure. High blood pressure can damage the organs and tissues of the body, and it is also an important cause of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. There are 3 times when the blood pressure exceeds systolic blood pressure 140mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 90mmHg, but blood pressure is lower than systolic blood pressure 90mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 60mmHg, 2. Blood glucose, blood glucose can maintain the normal physiological function of multiple organs and tissues in the body. The concentration of fasting blood glucose in normal people is 3.9~6.0mmol/L, if the concentration of fasting blood glucose exceeds 6.0mmol/L.
Hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and hyperuric acid are four common metabolic chronic diseases, which are called "four high" diseases. Most middle-aged and elderly people often see one or more of them, the incidence of which is high, and the disease needs to be controlled for a long time. Blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipids and uric acid are the basic indicators to measure these four chronic diseases. To prevent the occurrence of "four high" diseases, we might as well start with learning to understand these indicators.
1. Blood pressure
Blood pressure, simply understood as the pressure of blood on the blood vessel wall, is a direct indicator of hypertension. Blood pressure is also divided into arterial pressure, venous pressure and capillary pressure, people often say blood pressure generally refers to arterial blood pressure. High blood pressure can damage the organs and tissues of the body, and it is also an important cause of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Generally, under sober and calm conditions, there are three times when blood pressure exceeds systolic blood pressure 140mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 90mmHg, which can be judged as hypertension; while blood pressure is lower than systolic blood pressure 90mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 60mmHg, it can be judged as hypotension; when hypotension, the body's blood and oxygen supply is insufficient, and it is easy to faint.
2. Blood sugar
Blood sugar, that is, serum sugar, in most cases glucose, blood sugar can maintain the normal physiological function of multiple organs and tissues in the body. The concentration of fasting blood glucose in normal people is 3.9~6.0mmol/L. If the concentration of fasting blood glucose exceeds 6.0mmol/L, it is hyperglycemia. If the concentration of fasting blood glucose is lower than 3.9mmol/L, it is hypoglycemia. There is also postprandial blood glucose measurement, two hours postprandial blood glucose is greater than 7.8mmol/L, also indicated as hyperglycemia.
Hyperglycemia can easily lead to diabetes, and it will cause vascular disease, atherosclerosis and so on. And blood sugar is too low is not a good thing, the body lack of glucose to supply energy, prone to memory loss, slow response, arrhythmia, coma and so on.
3. Blood lipids
Blood lipids, as the name implies, are the fats and lipids in plasma. If there are too many blood lipids in the blood, they are prone to "blood thickening" and deposit on the walls of blood vessels, which will block blood vessels over time, slow blood flow and even block blood vessels. The normal range of blood lipid examination is: total cholesterol: 2.8~5.17mmol/L, triglyceride: 0.56~1.7mmol/L, high density lipoprotein: male: 0.96~1.15mmol/L, female: 0.90~1.55mmol/L, low density lipoprotein: 0~3.1mmol/L.
4. Uric acid
Uric acid is actually a kind of heterocyclic compound containing carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. If there is an imbalance between the production and excretion of uric acid in the body, it can easily lead to the increase of serum uric acid. If the serum uric acid in the body exceeds 390umol/L, it can be diagnosed as hyperuricemia, and most patients with gout have uric acid levels higher than 420umol/L.
A clear understanding of these basic indicators is of great significance to the prevention of "four high" diseases. In addition to regularly testing their own physiological indicators in life, it is also important to develop good eating habits.