Protect the kidney. do you know what to do? | World Kidney Day
Kidney is one of the indispensable important organs in human body. The kidney has a lot of work. Everyone knows that the kidney is the excretory organ of the human body. In addition to the respiratory system, another organ that maintains acid-base balance in the body, kidney damage can lead to excretion disorders, kidney endocrine disorders can lead to high blood pressure. Not seeing a patient without symptoms will delay the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease, and the method of screening for kidney health is not complicated. According to the calculation formula, the estimated glomerular filtration rate is the most commonly used method to evaluate renal function, and it is an endogenous marker to reflect the change of glomerular filtration rate. Urine examination is an important means to find kidney disease. The erosion of urine to the urinary tract can effectively prevent urinary tract infection and calculi, and holding back urine will increase the risk of urinary tract infection. ★ actively treats basic diseases and some diseases are especially easy to damage the kidney. Active treatment of these diseases is the most important means to prevent kidney involvement.
March 9, 2023 is World Kidney Day, and this year's theme is "kidney health for all-care for people at high risk and prevention of accidental kidney damage".
Kidney is one of the indispensable important organs in human body. The kidneys are located on both sides of the spine, one on the left and one on the left. The kidney is shaped like a broad bean. Each kidney weighs 120 to 150 grams and is 10 to 12 centimeters long, slightly longer than our fists.
The kidney has a lot of work.
Everyone knows that the kidney is the excretory organ of the human body. The body produces a variety of metabolites in the process of metabolism, which are excreted by the kidneys to keep the body from accumulating toxins.
In fact, the kidney still has a lot of physiological functions.KidneyResponsible for draining excess water from the body and regulating acid-base balanceBesides the respiratory system, it is another organ that maintains the acid-base balance of the body..
In addition, the kidney also has endocrine function, can secrete renin, prostaglandin and other hormones that regulate blood pressure; secrete erythropoietin to stimulate bone marrow hematopoiesis; secrete active vitamin D3 to regulate the balance of blood calcium and phosphorus. Therefore, kidney damage will lead to excretion capacity disorders, in addition to the full exclusion of toxins in the body, but also affect water excretion, resulting in edema.
Once the kidney is damaged, it will affect acid-base metabolism and produce acidosis. Endocrine disorders in the kidneys can lead to high blood pressure and abnormalities of calcium, phosphorus, potassium and other ions. The kidney plays such an important role that we should pay special attention to it.
The kidney is a silent organ.
When the kidneys get sick, the early symptoms are usually not obvious, unlike pain in the heart and cough in the lungs. Because the kidney is a silent organ, it is neither reliable nor accurate to judge kidney disease by symptoms. Examination is an important means to find out whether there is kidney disease. Not seeing a patient without symptoms will delay the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease.
The method of screening for kidney health is not complicated. You can test the blood and urine to understand the kidney condition. The glomerular filtration rate estimated by blood sampling to detect serum creatinine and then estimated according to the calculation formula is the most commonly used method to evaluate renal function. Cystatin C, also known as cysteine protease inhibitor C, is not only an endogenous marker of glomerular filtration rate, but also an index of renal function.
Urine examination is an important means to find kidney disease, which can find abnormal urine indexes such as urine protein, urine red blood cells, urine white blood cells, urine sugar and so on. In addition, B-ultrasound examination of the kidney is also essential and can be used to understand the structural changes of the kidney.
Kidney protection is the most important thing.
How do you take care of your kidneys?
★ maintains good living habits.Water is vital to the kidneys. After adequate drinking water, the scouring of urine to the urinary tract can effectively prevent urinary system infection and calculi.
Plain boiled water is a good companion for the kidneys, while sugary drinks such as cola and fruit juices may increase the burden on the kidneys and are not recommended. Drink a small amount of water for many times.
Extreme lack of water, such as excessive sweating and untimely replenishment after diarrhea, may lead to acute kidney damage.
Urinate in time when you have the intention to urinate, holding back urination will increase the risk of urinary tract infection.
The diet is mainly light, reducing the intake of sodium salt.
Quit smoking, drinking and other bad habits, to avoid drug abuse, etc., are essential measures to protect the kidney.
★Regular inspectionPeople with normal kidneys have a comprehensive kidney examination at least once a year in order to detect kidney disease in time.
★Actively treat basic diseasesSome diseases are particularly easy to damage the kidney, leading to secondary kidney disease, such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, autoimmune diseases and so on.
Active treatment of these diseases is the most important means to prevent kidney involvement, and blood pressure, blood sugar stable, appropriate weight, disease control can effectively reduce the incidence of kidney disease.
People with these diseases should monitor renal indicators more closely and more frequently, and early intervention and treatment should be carried out as soon as signs of early renal injury are found.
If kidney disease has been found, don't panic. Most kidney diseases are controllable.
The first step is to determine the degree and cause of kidney disease.
At this time, just looking at the kidney disease screening indicators mentioned above is far from enough. The doctor will analyze the condition in combination with medical history and more complex laboratory indicators. Doctors will advise patients to do kidney biopsy, kidney CT or MRI, or even do genetic diagnosis and other tests, comprehensive judgment. Only when the cause is clear, the treatment measures can be more accurate.
Step two, prevent infection.
Inflammation is an important factor in inducing and aggravating nephropathy. Especially patients who use glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants should prevent infection. If there are chronic infections, such as chronic tonsillitis, chronic bronchitis, etc., should be actively dealt with.
The third step is dietary requirements.
Some people think that people with kidney disease can't eat meat. In fact, the dietary requirements of patients with kidney disease vary according to the degree and type of the disease. Low salt is a basic dietary requirement for patients with kidney disease, which helps to control proteinuria, edema and hypertension. Patients with significantly decreased renal function should ensure a high-quality protein diet and limit the total daily intake of protein. If you don't eat meat, to be exact, you should limit the amount of protein you eat, which is good for delaying the progression of kidney disease.
The fourth step, follow the doctor's advice to treat.
Many kidney diseases are chronic, and the treatment cycle is relatively long. Patients should adhere to the doctor's advice to treat, do not stop medication at will, and do not blindly believe and use folk prescriptions whose curative effect is uncertain. Patients should be cautious about using drugs that have potential nephrotoxicity. Of course, it is also not advisable to fight for both grass and trees. Some patients are afraid that drugs will hurt their kidneys and refuse to take drugs, even antihypertensive and hypoglycemic drugs. As we all know, the control of blood pressure and the stability of blood sugar are very important for the control of kidney disease. Some kinds of antihypertensive and hypoglycemic drugs also have additional kidney protective effects.
Author: Wang Fang, Department of Nephrology, first Hospital of Peking University
Audit: national Health Science Popularization expert
Chen Jie, chief physician in the Department of Nephrology, first Hospital of Peking University
Planner: Tan Jia
Editor: Liu Yang