"Health" this is the strongest popular science about AIDS!
Orangutans transmitted HIV to humans. In the late 1970s, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention discovered a strange disease in Los Angeles. The patient's systemic immune system almost collapses and can be infected with a variety of other unusual diseases, and what's more, all the medical methods are useless and the cure rate is zero? Over time, some women, heterosexual men, hemophiliacs, drug addicts with syringes, Even children have the disease, which was named by the Centers for Disease Control in the United States in 1982: once the virus enters the human body, it will unscrupulously evolve into the human AIDS virus in the era of medical underdevelopment. once it is infected, it is equivalent to being sentenced. "in underdeveloped Africa, a syringe may be used thousands of times to cause the virus in people. Rapid spread of picture sources between groups. "
December 1st is the 31st World AIDS Day, and this year's theme is "knowing your HIV infection status".
Since 1988, significant progress has been made in the global AIDS prevention and control work. By the end of 2017, 3 people living with HIV were aware of their HIV infection status.
The overall infection rate of AIDS in China is about 9/10000. According to international standards, compared with other countries, the epidemic is at a low epidemic level.
However, due to the large population base in our country, although the infection rate is not high, the absolute number of infection is still very large.
According to the joint assessment of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, UNAIDS and the World Health Organization, by the end of 2018, it is estimated that there are about 1.25 million people living with HIV / AIDS in China, and about 80, 000 new infections are estimated each year.
So, where does AIDS come from? Why is it so difficult to cure?
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Orangutans transmit HIV to humans.
In the late 1970s
The National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is in Los Angeles.
Discover a strange disease:
The patient's systemic immune system almost collapsed.
Can also be infected with various other unusual diseases.
What's even more frightening is that
All the medical methods are useless.
The cure rate is zero!
Subsequently, it was found that more and more people got sick.
And patients have one thing in common-they are all gay men.
Therefore, some researchers directly call this disease
"male homosexual immunodeficiency."
Photo Source: documentary "the Mystery of the Origin of AIDS"
However, over time,
Some women, heterosexual men, hemophiliacs,
Drug addicts and even children who take drugs with syringes
I also have this disease.
1982
The disease is named by the United States Centers for Disease Control
"acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"
That is AIDS
Want to cure the stubborn disease.
We have to start with its source.
As a result, the CDC in the United States organized a team
By cancer experts, parasitic diseases experts,
A strong lineup of virologists and sociologists
Through a variety of sampling, analysis and research in many places
Extrapolate a kind of "HIV-like"
The virus first appeared in 1908
Monkeys and orangutans
Around 1930, it was transmitted from orangutans to humans.
Photo Source: documentary "the Mystery of the Origin of AIDS"
Photo Source: documentary "the Mystery of the Origin of AIDS"
Orangutans and monkeys have strong immunity.
30% to 70% of monkeys are infected with HIV-like virus.
It just carries the virus and doesn't get sick.
Once the virus enters the human body,
Will unscrupulously attack the city and land in the human body.
Gradually evolved into the human AIDS virus
In the era of underdeveloped medical care
Once infected, it is equivalent to being sentenced to death.
So, how does AIDS spread rapidly?
Needle pollution is one of the important reasons.
Although since the 1950s,
Cheap disposable plastic syringes that do not need to be sterilized
Began to be widely used in the field of medicine and health.
But in economically underdeveloped Africa,
A syringe can be used thousands of times.
Causing the virus to spread rapidly among people.
Photo Source: documentary "the Mystery of the Origin of AIDS"
The 1960s
HIV is gradually passing through the Caribbean
Spread to the eastern and southeastern United States
And then to Europe and Asia.
Now, the whole world is in it.
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How terrible this virus is!
In 2002, AIDS, an authoritative journal on AIDS, reported
In the absence of antiretroviral drugs
In the case of treatment
An infected person
From the time it officially entered the "AIDS outbreak period"
The median survival time is only 9.2 months.
The asymptomatic period of infected people can be long or short.
As little as 2 years, as many as 20 years
The duration of this period is closely related to the route of infection.
Normally
Menstrual infection is 4-5 years.
Sexual intercourse infection is usually 11-13 years.
If the asymptomatic period of an infected person can reach 13 years
It can be called "long-term survivor".
The picture comes from the Internet.
At present, around the world
There is still a lack of effective drugs to cure HIV infection.
The treatment objectives at this stage are:
* maximum and lasting reduction of viral load
* acquire immune function, rebuild and maintain immune function
* improve the quality of life
* reduce HIV-related morbidity and mortality
Photo Source: "the cause of AIDS and the process of HIV infection"
That is to say,At the current level of medical care
AIDS can only be controlled, not cured.
There is one problem to pay attention to:
HIV (short for human immunodeficiency virus)
And AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
Not the same thing.
HIV is a virus, AIDS is a disease.
A person who is infected with HIV does not necessarily get sick immediately.
After the attack, it can be said that this person is suffering from AIDS.
The picture comes from the Internet.
At present, human HIV infection can be roughly divided into two types.
In terms of genetic composition
HIV-1 is very close to chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus (SIVcpz)
HIV-2 is very close to the immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm) of the black white-eyed monkey.
This also confirms HIV.
Originally derived from primate research.
The main difference between the two types is that
HIV-1 is relatively common.
At present, most of the infected people are type 1.
HIV-2 is mainly concentrated in West Africa.
In addition, the development of type 2 is much slower than that of type 1.
When the immune cells in the infected person
When you can no longer compete with HIV
It marks the final stage of HIV infection.
It's called "symptomatic period."
At this time, the infected people become AIDS patients.
Their immune system was eroded to the point of collapse.
Some common diseases may kill AIDS patients.
Photo Source: "the cause of AIDS and the process of HIV infection"
February 2011
A middle-aged man
Admitted to hospital with sore throat, hemoptysis, fever and dyspnea
Lung infection is considered clinically.
But it was eventually confirmed as
HIV antibody negative AIDS with KS
Because the disease has progressed to the end of AIDS.
The man died two weeks after diagnosis.
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Miracle: cured "Berlin patient"
However, one AIDS patient was indeed cured.
This is the only case in the world!
The lucky one is Timothy Brown of America.
Because living in Berlin
He is called the "Berlin patient".
Brown smiling in the street (picture from the Internet)
Brown was unlucky to get AIDS and leukemia one after another
The body went from bad to worse, almost to the brink of death
However, just when life is about to "hit bottom"
He met the savior, Dr. Huth.
On the advice of this doctor who specializes in hematological diseases
Brown decided to treat leukemia first.
In February 2007, he received a bone marrow transplant.
As a result, bone marrow transplantation not only cured his leukemia
His AIDS was also cured!
And, after more than 3 years of clinical observation,
He can no longer find HIV in his system.
It turns out that the CCR5 mutant gene in the donor's bone marrow
Can resist HIV!
According to previous studies,
This variant gene exists only in a small number of Nordic humans.
Since then, the hospital has found six more.
Patients with both AIDS and leukemia
And follow the same steps.
Bone marrow with mutated genes was transplanted for them.
However, none of them succeeded.
These patients either died of leukemia
Or died of complications caused by stem cell transplantation.
The same thing is that HIV still remains in the body.
Therefore, Brown is still the first in the world.
It is also the only AIDS patient who has been cured.
July 2012
At the World AIDS Conference held in Washington, USA.
Brown announces the establishment of a foundation named after him
Together with research institutions around the world
Explore the ultimate cure for HIV
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Once you get sick, treat for life.
Although there is no cure for AIDS
But in the early stages of infection,
Quickly take medicine to block HIV virus
After the occurrence of high-risk behavior
(having no condom sex or sharing needles, etc.)
"HIV blockers" are used to prevent the spread of HIV virus
The critical time is 72 hours.
The sooner, the better
After the attack
Most AIDS patients need medication.
The latest report in 2017 says
Current clinical methods for the treatment of AIDS
It's antiretroviral therapy (ART for short)
This treatment can remove the virus from the patient's body.
Reduced to the same level as ordinary people.
But it can't be completely cleared.
Once the patient stops receiving treatment,
The virus will replicate frantically again.
In other words, AIDS patients must be treated for life.
Take medicine on time and in quantity
At present, China's National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Free of charge
Provide drugs for this treatment for AIDS patients
Photo Source: "the cause of AIDS and the process of HIV infection"
As of the first half of 2017
There are 20.9 million AIDS-infected people worldwide.
Access to antiretroviral therapy
Statistics for the past six years show that
The number of new HIV cases worldwide has dropped by 16%.
The number of deaths decreased by 32% in the same period.
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What are the ways of transmission of AIDS?
There are three main ways of transmission of AIDS:
1. Sexual transmission
If a person and an HIV-infected person
If you have sex without using condoms
He could be infected with HIV.
two。 Blood transmission
Sharing syringes with people living with AIDS
Transfusion of HIV-infected blood
Even used scalpels, blood transfusion equipment, etc.
If it is not disinfected properly
May become a vector for the spread of HIV.
3. Mother-to-child transmission
If the mother is infected,
May be through pregnancy, childbirth
And breastfeeding to transmit the virus to the child.
But AIDS mothers can also give birth to healthy babies.
In 2000, Shenzhen took the lead in launching
Pilot project to prevent the spread of AIDS
Between 2012 and 2016,
Helped more than 300 HIV-positive mothers.
Give birth to a healthy baby
A 39-year-old AIDS mother ignored the opposition of her family
Decided to keep the baby inside.
Start receiving antiviral treatment from the early stages of pregnancy
Try to block mother-to-child transmission
Finally gave birth to a healthy baby.
For this kind of mom,
Doctors do not recommend natural labor.
Don't breastfeed even after delivery.
General contact, such as dining together, shaking hands, etc.
Will not spread AIDS.
In life, we should treat AIDS patients correctly.
The picture comes from the Internet.
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How to prevent AIDS?
1. Safe sex:
Strengthen moral education and prohibit promiscuity
Avoid contact with HIV-infected people and AIDS patients
And high-risk groups have sexual contact.
Use condoms in all sexual intercourse
two。 Do not share needles:
If you need an anesthetic such as heroin
Don't share needles with others.
And don't use needles that have already been used.
Health care workers have followed certain safety measures
You can avoid AIDS in patients.
And transmission between staff and patients
3. Avoid unnecessary blood exposure:
Such as cosmetology, tattooing, piercing, pedicure, etc.
All of these have blood exposure.
If the above actions must be carried out
Do not draw a low-cost operating room
Or an institution without a health certificate.
Do this kind of high-risk operation.
Because if these appliances are not strictly sterilized,
It is easy to cause HIV virus infection.
4. Not sharing daily necessities:
Avoid sharing toothbrushes, razors and other items
Women should pay attention to hygiene during menstruation
5. Pay attention to trauma protection:
If there is any trauma at work
Bleeding caused by sports injuries, etc.
Be sure to protect yourself.
When rescuing the sick and wounded
Avoid damaged skin coming into contact with the blood of the injured
The picture comes from the Internet.
One more understanding of AIDS
It will bring more warmth to AIDS patients.